日前,美国华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员发现DNAJC5基因变异与库夫斯病有关,该基因与大脑中神经细胞突触之间的信号传递有关。其最新研究成果"Exome-Sequencing Confirms DNAJC5 Mutations as Cause of Adult Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis"发表在最新一期的《公共科学图书馆—综合》网络版上。
研究人员通过对怀疑有阿尔茨海默病的家族成员研究发现,有种基因可能与一种罕见的可导致记忆力丧失、活动受影响、甚至过早死亡的疾病有关。
这种疾病称为库夫斯病,主要影响中年人,但相关的疾病也会影响儿童和婴幼儿。科学家们说,他们的发现为库夫斯病的遗传检测和痴呆症的治疗铺平了道路。痴呆是库夫斯病和其它神经退行性疾病的重要特征,如阿尔茨海默病。研究人员发现,DNAJC5基因变异与库夫斯病有关。过去从没有将这种基因与任何人类疾病联系起来。该基因与大脑中神经细胞突触之间的信号传递有关。
研究人员布鲁诺贝尼特斯说,突触功能异常是其它形式痴呆的基础,这种导致库夫斯病的基因有可能为这类疾病的研究开辟新的途径,因为它可以提供有关痴呆的一些新的信息。因此,这一发现的意义超出了库夫斯病本身。
库夫斯病是神经元蜡样脂褐质沉积症(NCLs)之一,世界上每10万人当中NCLs发病人数为2-4人。库夫斯病占这类疾病的比例不足10%,主要影响成年人,但也会在6-60岁人中发病,而且往往是致命的。其它相关疾病,如贝敦氏病和Jansky-Bielschowsky 病(比-詹二氏病,婴儿型黑蒙性痴呆)分别影响儿童和婴幼儿。大多数NCLs是隐性遗传自父母。
成年人NCLs的常见症状包括痴呆、智力迟钝、运动障碍、抽搐和肌肉不协调。目前对这种疾病还没有治疗办法,但有一些药物可以治疗症状,如抽搐。
研究包括来自同一家族的两名库夫斯病人。最初他们因为出现怀疑与阿尔茨海默病有关的记忆问题就诊于华盛顿大学阿尔茨海默病研究中心。这些疾病的早期症状会非常相似,但通过测量细胞内脂色素的累积情况可以将它们区分开来。脂色素由脂肪和蛋白组成,在紫外线显微镜下观察呈黄绿色。库夫斯病患者体内多数细胞的脂色素水平会出现异常。研究人员对两位库夫斯病患者和他们没有患病亲属的DNA作了排序,并将结果进行了比较。通过只对产生蛋白的DNA区域进行分析的全外显子测序技术,研究人员对导致库夫斯病的遗传改变进行了追踪。
由于每个人中大约存在3000种变异,要想找出引起一种疾病的惟一DNA变异几乎是不可能的。但研究人员通过对两名患者和他们亲属的DNA进行比较后将变异基因的数量缩小到了24个。通过对更多家庭成员进行DNA研究,他们挑选出了3种变异基因。研究人员最后发现有两种基因变异也存在于一些健康的人中,因此剩下的一种变异基因就与库夫斯病有关。
研究人员还对受库夫斯病影响的其它家族进行了基因排序,并发现了其它的遗传变异。但这些变异都位于DNAJC5基因上,而且会引起与大脑中神经细胞信号有关蛋白的改变。
这一发现使得通过遗传测试告诉库夫斯病患者亲属他们将来是否会患病成为可能,另外还可以帮助医生诊断主要影响儿童的一些相关疾病。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026741
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Exome-Sequencing Confirms DNAJC5 Mutations as Cause of Adult Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis
Bruno A. Benitez1, David Alvarado2, Yefei Cai1, Kevin Mayo1, Sumitra Chakraverty1, Joanne Norton1, John C. Morris3, Mark S. Sands2,4, Alison Goate1,3,4,5, Carlos Cruchaga1,4*
We performed whole-exome sequencing in two autopsy-confirmed cases and an elderly unaffected control from a multigenerational family with autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL). A novel single-nucleotide variation (c.344T>G) in the DNAJC5 gene was identified. Mutational screening in an independent family with autosomal dominant ANCL found an in-frame single codon deletion (c.346_348 delCTC) resulting in a deletion of p.Leu116del. These variants fulfill all genetic criteria for disease-causing mutations: they are found in unrelated families with the same disease, exhibit complete segregation between the mutation and the disease, and are absent in healthy controls. In addition, the associated amino acid substitutions are located in evolutionarily highly conserved residues and are predicted to functionally affect the encoded protein (CSPα). The mutations are located in a cysteine-string domain, which is required for membrane targeting/binding, palmitoylation, and oligomerization of CSPα. We performed a comprehensive in silico analysis of the functional and structural impact of both mutations on CSPα. We found that these mutations dramatically decrease the affinity of CSPα for the membrane. We did not identify any significant effect on palmitoylation status of CSPα. However, a reduction of CSPα membrane affinity may change its palmitoylation and affect proper intracellular sorting. We confirm that CSPα has a strong intrinsic aggregation propensity; however, it is not modified by the mutations. A complementary disease-network analysis suggests a potential interaction with other NCLs genes/pathways. This is the first replication study of the identification of DNAJC5 as the disease-causing gene for autosomal dominant ANCL. The identification of the novel gene in ANCL will allow us to gain a better understanding of the pathological mechanism of ANCLs and constitutes a great advance toward the development of new molecular diagnostic tests and may lead to the development of potential therapies.