甜美又不上火的甜橙来源于柚作为母本和橘杂交,其后代再与橘杂交而形成的杂种。华中农业大学徐强博士等人26日发表在国际著名学术刊物《自然-遗传学》题为“甜橙基因组图谱”的研究论文,提出了甜橙起源这一新理论。
专家表示,甜橙基因组将在理论上为柑橘基因功能研究提供框架,也将在应用上为果实品质包括色、香、味等重要性状基因的遗传选育发掘及品种改良提供重要平台。这也是世界上第一例芸香科植物基因组图谱,因而会极大地促进植物的进化和基础研究。
华中农业大学甜橙基因组研究团队采用最先进的全基因组测序法,获得注释的基因约3万个。通过结合遗传标记和染色体原位杂交分析,甜橙基因组序列被进一步整合到已知的9条染色体,因此完成了对甜橙基因组接近完全的解码和基因定位。
据华中农业大学邓秀新院士介绍,通过对基因组数据的分析,发现甜橙基因组中约有一半的基因处于杂合状态,并有显著的橘和柚的遗传特征。其中橘的遗传成分约占3/4、柚的遗传成分占1/4,据此提出了甜橙起源的新理论。
此项研究获得的另一个重要成果是,通过基因表达以及基因组比较分析,发现了一个可能在甜橙果实内大量合成维生素C的关键基因。该基因家族的扩增、快速进化、功能分化以及组织特异表达等可能与甜橙果实大量合成维生素C有关。
分析人士指出,此项研究成果对柑橘基因及重要农艺性状的解析具有里程碑的作用,处于世界领先水平,将大大提升我国在世界柑橘研究的影响力和地位。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1038/ng.2472
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The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)
Xu Q, Chen LL, Ruan X, Chen D, Zhu A, Chen C, Bertrand D, Jiao WB, Hao BH, Lyon MP, Chen J, Gao S, Xing F, Lan H, Chang JW, Ge X, Lei Y, Hu Q, Miao Y, Wang L, Xiao S, Biswas MK, Zeng W, Guo F, Cao H, Yang X, Xu XW, Cheng YJ, Xu J, Liu JH, Luo OJ, Tang Z, Guo WW, Kuang H, Zhang HY, Roose ML, Nagarajan N, Deng XX, Ruan Y.
Oranges are an important nutritional source for human health and have immense economic value. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). The assembled sequence covers 87.3% of the estimated orange genome, which is relatively compact, as 20% is composed of repetitive elements. We predicted 29,445 protein-coding genes, half of which are in the heterozygous state. With additional sequencing of two more citrus species and comparative analyses of seven citrus genomes, we present evidence to suggest that sweet orange originated from a backcross hybrid between pummelo and mandarin. Focused analysis on genes involved in vitamin C metabolism showed that GalUR, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the galacturonate pathway, is significantly upregulated in orange fruit, and the recent expansion of this gene family may provide a genomic basis. This draft genome represents a valuable resource for understanding and improving many important citrus traits in the future.