2项基因疗法试验已经取得了一些颇有希望的结果;在这些试验中,研究人员用慢病毒载体将健康基因移植到患者的干细胞中,并接着将那些干细胞重新导入病人体内。传统上,这些基因疗法一直是随机性的,而其它载体——诸如那些来自γ-逆转录病毒——的使用曾经产生过一些致命的副作用。然而,这2项由Alessandra Biffi等及Allesandro Aiuti等所做的新的研究提示,慢病毒载体可能是在涉及基因疗法时应该使用的方法。Alessandra Biffi及其同事首先报告了他们对3名罹患某种罕见的被称作异染性脑白质营养不良(MLD)的溶酶体贮积病的孩子的分析,他们的造血干细胞(HSCs)被慢病毒载体插入了具有功能的ARSA基因。据这些研究人员披露,这些新的基因在HSCs被重新注入回病人体内之后不久仍然稳定并开始表达ARSA酶。他们说,在一个孩子接受该治疗后2年——而另外2个孩子接受该治疗后18个月——得到的所有的证据表明,该疾病已经在其发展的过程中停止了。在另外一则研究中,Allesandro Aiuti及其同事报告了一个类似基因治疗方法的结果,该基因治疗方法在3个患有Wiskott-Aldrich综合征的孩子中替换了其WAS基因。这些研究人员同样使用某种慢病毒载体将功能性的WAS基因插入到患者的HSCs之中,而且这些病人的免疫系统再一次地接受了这些重新注入的细胞。据这些研究人员披露,该病的诸如复发性感染和湿疹等症状在基因治疗之后20-32周时有所减轻或全部消失。总而言之,这些结果表明,慢病毒载体在基因疗法时可能比用传统的逆转录病毒载体要更安全,尽管这两组研究人员都承认需要做更多的研究——以及在治疗后需要观察更长时间——来证实该方法的安全性和有效性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1233158
Therapeutic Benefit in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy by Lentiviral Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy
A. Biffi; E. Montini; L. Lorioli; M. Cesani; T. Plati; A. Calabria; F. Benedicenti; L. Biasco; M.G. Roncarolo; A. Aiuti; L. Naldini at San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy in Milan, Italy.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by arylsulfatase A (ARSA) deficiency. Patients with MLD exhibit progressive motor and cognitive impairment and die within few years of symptom onset. We used a lentiviral vector to transfer a functional ARSA gene into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from three presymptomatic patients who showed genetic, biochemical, and neurophysiological evidence of late infantile MLD. After reinfusion of the gene-corrected HSCs, the patients showed extensive and stable ARSA gene replacement, which led to high enzyme expression throughout hematopoietic lineages and in cerebrospinal fluid. Analyses of vector integrations revealed no evidence of aberrant clonal behavior. Notably, the disease did not manifest or progress in the three patients 7 to 21 months beyond the predicted age of symptom onset. These findings indicate that extensive genetic engineering of human hematopoiesis can be achieved with lentiviral vectors and that this approach may offer therapeutic benefit for MLD patients.