数千年来,家蚕只以桑叶作为唯一的食物。为了探索二者之间的联系,日前,《自然—通讯》杂志在线发表了西南大学家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室完成的桑树全基因组测序成果。
据了解,桑树基因组测序由中国工程院院士向仲怀、西南大学家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室牵头,集合了浙江省农业科学院、广东省农业科学院、中国林业科学研究院等单位,历时3年完成。
向仲怀介绍说,早在2008年,家蚕的基因组就已经被解析,但在西南大学发布之前,全世界对桑树基因的研究为零。实际上,以桑树和家蚕为典型代表的植物和植食性昆虫之间在分子水平上存在相互作用。为此,他们开展了桑树基因组测序。
据了解,测序采用的材料为川桑。此前文献均将桑树染色体基数定为14,而此次课题组经过深入研究后判明,川桑染色体基数为7。这是桑树学科百余年来最重要的贡献之一。
研究人员采用第二代Illumina测序技术进一步发现,相比首个完成基因测序的木本植物——杨树,桑树的基因组更小,在过去的1亿年中没有经历全基因组加倍事件,桑树基因的进化速度大约是蔷薇目其他物种的3倍,且存在一系列新的多倍体类型。
向仲怀表示,桑树基因组测序的完成,不仅能促进桑树改良,也能调控蚕的基因表达,对蚕桑产业的创新变革以及现代桑树学的建立都有巨大作用(生物谷Bioon.com)。
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms3445
Draft genome sequence of the mulberry tree Morus notabilis
Ningjia He,Chi Zhang,Xiwu Qi,Shancen Zhao,Yong Tao,Guojun Yang,Tae-Ho Lee,Xiyin Wang,Qingle Cai,Dong Li,Mengzhu Lu,Sentai Liao,Guoqing Luo,Rongjun He,Xu Tan,Yunmin Xu,Tian Li,Aichun Zhao,Ling Jia,Qiang Fu
Human utilization of the mulberry–silkworm interaction started at least 5,000 years ago and greatly influenced world history through the Silk Road. Complementing the silkworm genome sequence, here we describe the genome of a mulberry species Morus notabilis. In the 330-Mb genome assembly, we identify 128?Mb of repetitive sequences and 29,338 genes, 60.8% of which are supported by transcriptome sequencing. Mulberry gene sequences appear to evolve ~3 times faster than other Rosales, perhaps facilitating the species’ spread worldwide. The mulberry tree is among a few eudicots but several Rosales that have not preserved genome duplications in more than 100 million years; however, a neopolyploid series found in the mulberry tree and several others suggest that new duplications may confer benefits. Five predicted mulberry miRNAs are found in the haemolymph and silk glands of the silkworm, suggesting interactions at molecular levels in the plant–herbivore relationship. The identification and analyses of mulberry genes involved in diversifying selection, resistance and protease inhibitor expressed in the laticifers will accelerate the improvement of mulberry plants.