11月5日,《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)在线发表了中科院上海生科院神经科学研究所熊志奇组的最新研究论文《X-连锁的微管相关蛋白Mid1调控轴突的发育》。这项工作揭示了位于X染色体上的Opitiz综合征相关蛋白Mid1在神经元轴突发育中的功能,为了解Opitz综合征的发病机理提供了线索。
智力障碍是一类较常见的人类神经系统疾病。在遗传因素引起的智力障碍中,相当一部分是由X染色体上的基因突变或缺失所引起的。研究这些基因在神经系统中的功能,有助于了解智力障碍的产生原因,对于诊断、预防这类疾病以及开发有针对性的治疗手段都具有重要意义。
Mid1是一个与人类Opitz综合征相关的X连锁基因,但目前对于其在神经系统中的功能知之甚少。在这项研究中,熊志奇研究组的陆婷佳、陈任超等发现,Mid1参与调控了哺乳动物皮层神经元的轴突发育过程。在神经元中急性敲减Mid1的水平能够促进轴突的生长与分枝,并导致小鼠胼胝体轴突在对侧皮层的正常投射模式被打乱。在Mid1基因敲除小鼠也发现了类似的异常。进一步的工作发现,Mid1是通过泛素化降解磷酸酶2A的催化亚基(PP2Ac)来实现对轴突生长的控制:降低Mid1被下调的神经元中过度积累的PP2Ac能够回复Mid1敲减或敲除所引起的神经元轴突生长和投射异常。这项研究揭示了Mid1在轴突发育中的功能及其下游机制,为寻找Opitz综合征的发病机理提供了线索。
该课题由研究生陆婷佳、陈任超及合作者在熊志奇研究员的指导下完成。
这一工作得到了科技部“973”项目和国家自然科学基金的资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303687110
X-linked microtubule-associated protein, Mid1, regulates axon development
Tingjia Lua,b,1, Renchao Chena,b,1,2, Timothy C. Coxc,d, Randal X. Moldriche, Nyoman Kurniawanf, Guohe Tana, Jo K. Perryg, Alan Ashworthg, Perry F. Bartlette, Li Xua, Jing Zhanga, Bin Lua, Mingyue Wua,b, Qi Shena, Yuanyuan Liua,b, Linda J. Richardse,h, and Zhiqi Xiong
Opitz syndrome (OS) is a genetic neurological disorder. The gene responsible for the X-linked form of OS, Midline-1 (MID1), encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the degradation of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac). However, how Mid1 functions during neural development is largely unknown. In this study, we provide data from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggesting that silencing Mid1 in developing neurons promotes axon growth and branch formation, resulting in a disruption of callosal axon projections in the contralateral cortex. In addition, a similar phenotype of axonal development was observed in the Mid1 knockout mouse. This defect was largely due to the accumulation of PP2Ac in Mid1-depleted cells as further down-regulation of PP2Ac rescued the axonal phenotype. Together, these data demonstrate that Mid1-dependent PP2Ac turnover is important for normal axonal development and that dysregulation of this process may contribute to the underlying cause of OS.