生物谷报道:5月16日的《科学》杂志刊载一篇文章写到,一种特殊类型的滨鸟利用水的物理属性将水珠转送到其口中,并食取其中的细小生物。这种在瓣蹼鹬滨鸟中新观察到的摄食机制是依赖于水的表面张力以及鸟嘴的快速开合以使这种“逆势而上”的食物输送成为可能。Manu Prakash及其同事观察到,瓣蹼鹬在啄水以集结小水珠及无脊椎动物于其喙上后,由于该类鸟的喙形之故,它们无法将食物吮吸到其口中。相反,瓣蹼鹬以快速张合其喙的“镊子钳拔”的动作,籍由表面张力使得水能够逆着地心引力而上行到它们的口中。
这些研究人员接着制造了机械喙来精确地再现滨鸟的镊子钳拔动作,并用高速摄影机来跟踪水珠沿着这些机械喙的移动轨迹。研究人员观察到,那些悬浮在滨鸟上下喙之间的水在鸟喙闭合的时候会朝着上下喙连接处移动,而滨鸟可以通过调整其喙部的几何形状和镊子钳拔动作中的精细之处来使这一转运过程达到最佳化。研究人员还发现了这一转运机制对鸟喙特质的极大的依赖性,这使得它极容易受到污染物的影响。一则由Mark W. Denny所撰写的Perspective提出了许多我们可以利用表面张力知识的实际应用,比如,减少通过管道的某些液体的阻力、生产自动清洁及防露水的窗户以及制造出在某一方向是光滑的但在另一方向却是粘性的表面。(生物谷www.bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Science,Vol. 320. no. 5878, pp. 931 - 934,Manu Prakash,John W. M. Bush
Surface Tension Transport of Prey by Feeding Shorebirds: The Capillary Ratchet
Manu Prakash,1 David Quéré,2 John W. M. Bush3
The variability of bird beak morphology reflects diverse foraging strategies. One such feeding mechanism in shorebirds involves surface tension–induced transport of prey in millimetric droplets: By repeatedly opening and closing its beak in a tweezering motion, the bird moves the drop from the tip of its beak to its mouth in a stepwise ratcheting fashion. We have analyzed the subtle physical mechanism responsible for drop transport and demonstrated experimentally that the beak geometry and the dynamics of tweezering may be tuned to optimize transport efficiency. We also highlight the critical dependence of the capillary ratchet on the beak's wetting properties, thus making clear the vulnerability of capillary feeders to surface pollutants.
1 Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
2 Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, UMR 7636 du CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
3 Department of Mathematics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.