据11月20日的《科学》（Science）杂志报道说，诸如涂鸦等社会失序的存在会使人违反社会规范的意愿增加。Kees Keizer及其同事在荷兰的Groningen进行了6个实验，这些实验旨在测试当人们在看到其他人蔑视社会规范的情形时，他们是否也会更加容易蔑视社会规范。
在他们的实验过程中，研究人员观察到，如果有其他人违反张贴标牌指示，另外的人也更容易违反张贴标牌的指示；在涂鸦或有烟火的声音存在时，人们会乱丢垃圾；在有涂鸦的情况下，人们甚至会行窃。他们报告说，仅仅只是涂鸦的存在就会使乱丢废弃物及偷窃的人数增加一倍以上。研究人员提示，某种违反规范的行为变得较为常见时，它也会对其它社会规范和法规的遵从产生负面的影响。这一发现对政策制定者及警察尤其重要，因为它使“破窗理论”更具说服力，而该理论是许多大城市犯罪防范措施的基础。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原始出处：
Science，DOI: 10.1126/science.1161405，Kees Keizer，Linda Steg
The Spreading of Disorder
Kees Keizer 1*, Siegwart Lindenberg 1, Linda Steg 1
1 Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Imagine that the neighborhood you are living in is covered with graffiti, litter, and unreturned shopping carts. Would this reality cause you to litter more, trespass or even steal? A thesis known as the Broken Windows Theory suggests that signs of disorderly and petty criminal behavior trigger more disorderly and petty criminal behavior, thus causing the behavior to spread. This may cause neighborhoods to decay and the quality of life of its inhabitants to deteriorate. For a city government this may be a vital policy issue. But does disorder really spread in neighborhoods? So far there has not been strong empirical support, and it is not clear what constitutes "disorder" and what may make it spread. In this article, we generate hypotheses about the spread of disorder and test them in six field experiments. We found that when people observe that others violated a certain social norm or legitimate rule, they are more likely to violate even other norms or rules, which causes disorder to spread.
