中国与美国考古人员在中国甘肃省嘉峪关市附近发现一种独特恐龙的化石,他们将这种恐龙命名为“雄关龙”。雄关龙化石的发现可能为了解霸王龙进化过程提供新的线索。
据悉,雄关龙化石的年代可追溯到白垩纪中期,它可能是“缺失的一环”,能够将我们熟悉的大型霸王龙与其体型较小的祖先联系起来。化石显示,雄关龙带有一些早期特征,这些特征后来霸王龙身上变得更为明显。
古生物学家对霸王龙家族的了解主要建立在来自白垩纪时期两组截然不同的化石基础之上,这些化石距今大约1.45亿至6500万年前。其中一组化石来自白垩纪早期,也就是巴列姆期,另一组的年代可追溯到数千万年前。在此之前,古生物学家一直很难将霸王龙的血统从一组化石追溯到另一组化石。
美国芝加哥菲尔德博物馆副馆长、上演此次雄关龙化石发现的中美考古小组负责人彼得·马克维奇(Peter Makovicky)表示:“由于化石记录数量极少,我们不得不面对一个4000万至5000万年的缺口。”但他也指出,雄关龙化石可能是两组化石中间“重要的一环”。马克维奇说:“我们正在填补化石记录中缺少的部分。”此次研究发现刊登在《皇家学会学报B》(Proceedings of the Royal Society B)上。
马克维奇及其同事指出,雄关龙是两组截然不同的霸王龙之间一个“在系统发育学、形态学和年代上具有重要意义的环节”。据悉,此次发现的雄关龙已具有大型霸王龙的特征,例如盒状头骨、支撑大型颚肌的坚固太阳穴骨、改良后锋利的前牙以及用于支撑头部的更为强壮的脊骨。此外,雄关龙还具备了晚期霸王龙缺失的特征,例如细长的鼻子。一只成年雄关龙从头部到臀部的身高可达到1.5米左右,体重在270公斤上下。相比之下,一只成年霸王龙从头部到臀部的身高则可达到4米左右,体重更是超过5吨。
除了马克维奇等人的研究发现外,同一期的《皇家学会学报B》还刊登了另外两篇有关恐龙化石的论文。其中一篇也是有关在中国上演的发现,很多发现此次雄关龙的古生物学家在俞井子盆地发现了与现代鸵鸟类似的恐龙化石——也就是马鬃山龙。虽然此前曾发现很多似鸟龙化石,但对这一新恐龙物种的骨骼分析结果显示,马鬃山龙是似鸟恐龙中体型最大的。据信,古生物学家发现的马鬃山龙身高达到6米,体重在626公斤上下。
另一篇论文是有关对在乌兹别克斯坦发现的鸭嘴龙化石残骸的分析,这种鸭嘴龙被命名为“Levnesovia transoxiana”。分析工作是由美国华盛顿史密森尼学会的汉斯-迪特尔·休斯(Hans-Dieter Sues)以及俄罗斯科学院的亚历山大·阿维里安诺夫(Alexander Averianov)完成的,结果可能为鸭嘴龙在白垩纪晚期进行的扩张提供线索。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B April 22, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0236
A giant ornithomimosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China
Peter J. Makovicky1,*, Daqing Li2, Ke-Qin Gao3, Matthew Lewin4, Gregory M. Erickson5 and Mark A. Norell6
1Department of Geology, Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
2Fossil Research and Development Center, Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, People's Republic of China
3Schools of Earth and Space Sciences, Beijing University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
4Department of Ornithology and Mammology, California Academy of Sciences 55 Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
5Department of Biological Science, Florida State University King Building, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
6Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
Abstract
Ornithomimosaurs (ostrich-mimic dinosaurs) are a common element of some Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of Asia and North America. Here, we describe a new species of ornithomimosaur, Beishanlong grandis, from an associated, partial postcranial skeleton from the Aptian-Albian Xinminpu Group of northern Gansu, China. Beishanlong is similar to another Aptian-Albian ornithomimosaur, Harpymimus, with which it shares a phylogenetic position as more derived than the Barremian Shenzhousaurus and as sister to a Late Cretaceous clade composed of Garudimimus and the Ornithomimidae. Beishanlong is one of the largest definitive ornithomimosaurs yet described, though histological analysis shows that the holotype individual was still growing at its death. Together with the co-eval and sympatric therizinosaur Suzhousaurus and the oviraptorosaur Gigantraptor, Beishanlong provides evidence for the parallel evolution of gigantism in separate lineages of beaked and possibly herbivorous coelurosaurs within a short time span in Central Asia.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B April 22, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0249
A longirostrine tyrannosauroid from the Early Cretaceous of China
Daqing Li1, Mark A. Norell2, Ke-Qin Gao3, Nathan D. Smith4,5 and Peter J. Makovicky4,*
1Fossil Research and Development Center, Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, People's Republic of China
2Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
3School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
4Deptartment of Geology, The Field Museum of Natural History 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
5Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago 1025 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA