你也许有过这样一种体会:看电影遇到精彩场景时会睁大眼睛盯着屏幕,担心一眨眼就错过关键剧情。而日本科学家的最新研究成果告诉我们,这种担心没有必要,因为眼睛会自主选择眨眼时机,以免错过重要的视觉信息。
眨眼频率
通常情况下,每个人眨眼的频率和方式不同,平均每分钟眨眼10至15次,每次持续100至150毫秒。在眨眼的瞬息之间,眼睛接收不到视觉信息和光线。
英国《每日邮报》29日援引日本东京大学中野玉见博士的话说:“我们似乎下意识地寻找眨眼的最佳时机,将眨眼时遗漏重要信息的可能性降到最低。”
他说,伴随每次眨眼,大脑有450毫秒时间接收不到视觉信息,也就是说,每分钟大约有6秒时间没有视觉信息输入。这意味着,如果看一场时长150分钟的电影,那么期间有15分钟我们闭着眼睛。
科学家们想知道:人类如何应对眨眼所带来的信息缺失?
眨眼实验
中野挑选9名健康男性和9名健康女性进行实验,这些志愿者年龄在22岁至31岁之间。
研究人员安排志愿者观看无声喜剧《憨豆先生》的一个片段和另一段毫无情节的水族馆影像,还让他们听《哈利·波特与魔法石》的有声读物。
通过观察志愿者在三种测试环境下的眨眼情况,研究人员发现:在看无声喜剧时,志愿者几乎在同样的时间点——剧情不精彩以及场景末尾时眨眼;但在观看水族馆影像和聆听《哈利·波特与魔法石》的有声读物时,实验者并没有同步眨眼。
“只有在个体需要从连续的视觉事件里提炼信息来理解故事情节时,同步眨眼才会发生,”中野说。
择时眨眼
研究人员发现,志愿者们只在无声电影的“非关键”时刻才同步眨眼,当时屏幕上可能正是一段场景的末尾,或者镜头里没有主角,只有无关紧要的建筑、道路。
此外,研究人员还发现志愿者看一段视频故事时的眨眼间隔。在这段时长3分30秒的视频中,志愿者们眨眼60次。
中野的这一研究成果刊登在英国《皇家学会生物学分会学报》上。
伦敦大学学院学者杰兰特·里斯认为这是一项有趣的研究,这种个体间的同步眨眼“暗示有一种可以诱发眨眼的共性存在于每个人身上”。他还指出,曾有研究显示,在看电影时,个体间的大脑活动可以变得同步。
“(同步)眨眼也许正是人们大脑同步活动时的一个外在表现,这可能有助于回答‘人们看电影时在思考些什么?’”里斯说。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Proc. R. Soc. B July 29, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0828
Synchronization of spontaneous eyeblinks while viewing video stories
Tamami Nakano1,2,3,4,*, Yoshiharu Yamamoto1, Keiichi Kitajo1,5, Toshimitsu Takahashi3,4 and Shigeru Kitazawa3,4
1Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
3Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
4CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
5Laboratory for Dynamics of Emergent Intelligence, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
Blinks are generally suppressed during a task that requires visual attention and tend to occur immediately before or after the task when the timing of its onset and offset are explicitly given. During the viewing of video stories, blinks are expected to occur at explicit breaks such as scene changes. However, given that the scene length is unpredictable, there should also be appropriate timing for blinking within a scene to prevent temporal loss of critical visual information. Here, we show that spontaneous blinks were highly synchronized between and within subjects when they viewed the same short video stories, but were not explicitly tied to the scene breaks. Synchronized blinks occurred during scenes that required less attention such as at the conclusion of an action, during the absence of the main character, during a long shot and during repeated presentations of a similar scene. In contrast, blink synchronization was not observed when subjects viewed a background video or when they listened to a story read aloud. The results suggest that humans share a mechanism for controlling the timing of blinks that searches for an implicit timing that is appropriate to minimize the chance of losing critical information while viewing a stream of visual events.