自从Robert Trivers关于“互惠利他行为”(reciprocal altruism)的奠基性论文于1971年发表以来,有关互惠及“囚徒困境”资源分享游戏的模型,一直是解释不相关个体之间合作行为的主导性理论框架。然而,几乎没有证据证明,在自然条件下,除人以外的动物通常会交换资源或服务。
在一篇Review文章中,Tim Clutton-Brock对在非人动物自然种群中的“互惠利他行为”进行了分析。他的结论是,这方面的证据很薄弱,而且非亲个体之间明显合作的很多例子很可能是互惠互利(mutualism)或操纵(manipulation),而非利他。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature 462, 51-57 (5 November 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08366
Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies
Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of simpler mechanisms?