据18月11日的《科学》杂志报道说,在莫桑比克某一洞穴中的有10万年之久的石制工具上所发现的高粱残渣意味着,在先前以为的早期人类还在依赖较容易获取的水果和坚果以生存的时候,人类已经在加工谷物了。非洲有着比其它大陆更多的本地谷物。现在的非洲人仍然食用数十种的野生谷物作为其淀粉的来源。高粱如今仍然是撒哈拉以南的非洲人所食用的主要谷物。那里的人将高粱的胚乳进行压榨处理以获取粗制的粉末,并将其新鲜或发酵的形式来制备粥品、烘烤食品及酒精饮料。人们一直不清楚的是,早期人类是在什么时候开始依赖于谷物的种子作为其食物的,尽管研究人员一般假设,这种情况发生在相当晚期的更新世(更新世持续了180万年,直到1万1000年前),因为那时现代人的行为开始出现。
Julio Mercader及其同僚在莫桑比克西北地区的Ngalue, Niassa的洞穴遗址内深处的一个封闭空间中的石制工具上发现了丰富的残剩淀粉,其年代大约距今有10万年。Mercader写道:这些残剩物可能来自野生高粱,从而意味着该遗址中的居民曾经食用这种谷物。这与人们一般假设的认为采集种子并非南部非洲的更新世采食者的一种重要的生活行为的情况相左。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Science 18 December 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1173966
Mozambican Grass Seed Consumption During the Middle Stone Age
Julio Mercader
The role of starchy plants in early hominin diets and when the culinary processing of starches began have been difficult to track archaeologically. Seed collecting is conventionally perceived to have been an irrelevant activity among the Pleistocene foragers of southern Africa, on the grounds of both technological difficulty in the processing of grains and the belief that roots, fruits, and nuts, not cereals, were the basis for subsistence for the past 100,000 years and further back in time. A large assemblage of starch granules has been retrieved from the surfaces of Middle Stone Age stone tools from Mozambique, showing that early Homo sapiens relied on grass seeds starting at least 105,000 years ago, including those of sorghum grasses.
Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.