早在2002年的时候，全世界各国的领袖聚会于Convention on Biological Diversity（生物多元性大会），他们承诺，到2010年的时候，全球各地的生物多元性丧失的速度将会放慢。 然而，应用该大会自己制定的框架结构所做的一项新的分析显示，这一目标并没有达到，而地球生物多元性所面临的压力在继续增加。
Stuart Butchart及其同僚编撰了31个特异性的指标，其中包括在世界各地的生物种系数目、群体大小、森林砍伐速度以及正在进行的保护性措施等。 研究人员用从1970-2005年期间所收集的全球数据对这些指标进行了评估；他们发现，表示生物多元性健全的指标在多年中一直在衰减，而全球生物多元性所受到的压力指标则在增加。
Butchart及其同僚发现，尽管在世界上某些地区取得了一些局部性的成功（尤其是在那些受到保护的土地上），但没有迹象显示最近几年生物多元性丧失的速度已经放慢。 他们说，全球生物物种所受到的压力日益增加，加上人们对此所作出的不充分的反应，都使得Convention on Biological Diversity所定的在2010年的目标注定无法实现。 如果世界各国政府认真对待保护地球物种的话，这些研究人员说，唯一现实可行的途径是逆转有害的政策、将生物多元性整合到土地使用的决定之中，以及增加对直接解决生物多元性丧失的政策的资金投入。 (生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1187512
Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines
Stuart H. M. Butchart,1,2,* Matt Walpole,1 Ben Collen,3 Arco van Strien,4 J?rn P. W. Scharlemann,1 Rosamunde E. A. Almond,1 Jonathan E. M. Baillie,3 Bastian Bomhard,1 Claire Brown,1 John Bruno,5 Kent E. Carpenter,6 Geneviève M. Carr,7 Janice Chanson,8 Anna M. Chenery,1 Jorge Csirke,9 Nick C. Davidson,10 Frank Dentener,11 Matt Foster,12 Alessandro Galli,13 James N. Galloway,14 Piero Genovesi,15 Richard D. Gregory,16 Marc Hockings,17 Valerie Kapos,1,18 Jean-Francois Lamarque,19 Fiona Leverington,17 Jonathan Loh,20 Melodie A. McGeoch,21 Louise McRae,3 Anahit Minasyan,22 Monica Hernández Morcillo,1 Thomasina E. E. Oldfield,23 Daniel Pauly,24 Suhel Quader,25 Carmen Revenga,26 John R. Sauer,27 Benjamin Skolnik,28 Dian Spear,29 Damon Stanwell-Smith,1 Simon N. Stuart,1,12,30,31 Andy Symes,2 Megan Tierney,1 Tristan D. Tyrrell,1 Jean-Christophe Vié,32 Reg Watson24
In 2002, world leaders committed through the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species’ population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent/condition, and community composition) showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity (including resource consumption, invasive alien species, nitrogen pollution, overexploitation, and climate change impacts) showed increases. Despite some local successes and increasing responses (including extent and biodiversity coverage of protected areas, sustainable forest management, policy responses to invasive alien species, and biodiversity-related aid), the rate of biodiversity loss does not appear to be slowing.
1 United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
2 BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.
3 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
4 Statistics Netherlands, PO Box 24500, The Hague, 2490 HA, The Netherlands.
5 Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 340 Chapman Hall, CB 3300, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
6 IUCN and Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
7 UNEP Global Environment Monitoring System—Water, c/o National Water Research Institute, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada. Present address: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 15 Eddy, Gatineau QC K1A 0H4, Canada.
8 IUCN/SSC-CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, c/o Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Ste 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
9 Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153, Rome, Italy.
10 Secretariat of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.
11 European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, TP290, Via E. Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.
12 Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International. 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
13 Global Footprint Network, 312 Clay Street, Suite 300, Oakland, CA 94607–3510, USA.
14 Environmental Sciences Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
15 ISPRA, Via Curtatone 3, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
16 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy SG19 2DL, UK, and European Bird Census Council.
17 School of Integrative Systems, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia.
18 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
19 National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
20 WWF International, CH-1196, Gland, Switzerland.
21 Centre for Invasion Biology and Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg 7947, South Africa.
22 UNESCO, 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris, France.
23 TRAFFIC International, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
24 Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
25 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India.
26 The Nature Conservancy, 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA.
27 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708–4039, USA.
28 American Bird Conservancy, 1731 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. 3rd Floor, Washington, D.C. 20009, USA.
29 Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
30 IUCN Species Survival Commission, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
31 Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort, P.O. Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
32 IUCN, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.
