据四月份《白垩纪研究》(Cretaceous Research)报道,古生物学家近日发现了一种在颅骨顶端有垒球大小硬隆起的新恐龙物种。
这份报道的主要作者,来自美国耶鲁大学的尼可拉斯?隆里奇(Nicholas Longrich)介绍说,这种和中等大小的狗差不多体型的素食恐龙生活在7000至8000万年前。2008年,这个研究小组就在位于德克萨斯州西南部的大弯曲国家公园(Big Bend National Park)发现了两副恐龙的颅骨碎片。他们把碎片和一些在加拿大和美国蒙大拿州发现的具有二足和厚颅骨特征的恐龙化石做了比较,之后他们确定这是一种新肿头龙,肿头龙是一种依靠双足行走、迟钝的恐龙。
研究人员把这个新发现的恐龙叫做“隆里奇德克萨斯头龙”(Texacephale langstoni,“Texacephale”是在特克萨斯发现的恐龙头的意思,“langstoni”是为了纪念古生物学家Wann Langston所做的贡献)。这种恐龙是众多拥有硬颅骨突起的恐龙物种之一,隆里奇推测这个隆起是用来出于礼貌撞击对方的,就像现在的的麝牛和南非水牛一样。
这个发现更加使人确信,在加拿大和北美洲发现的恐龙和它们生活在南边的邻居截然不同。
这个说法在最近几年越来越被人们所接受。“我们发现很多袖珍恐龙互相之间相当孤立,而不是在美洲大陆随处走动,”隆里奇说。“每次我们在德克萨斯州找到新化石,都发现它们和北部的不一样。”
由于在大弯曲国家公园发现的化石非常珍贵,却又没有受到很好的保护,科学家们很难得到关于这个新恐龙物种的完整图像。
但是,研究小组或许已经通过这个新发现揭开了难题的一角。他们发现的这个一直以来被认为是源于亚洲的恐龙族群,很可能是在来到北美后开始进化。
隆里奇期待在未来得到更多有关线索,能在德克萨斯州或其他地方发现更多化石以供研究。
“我想我低估了这个地方的恐龙种类数量,”他说。
这份报道的另外两个作者是来自美国加州州立大学斯坦尼斯洛斯分校(California State University, Stanislaus)的茱莉亚?萨奇(Julia Sankey)和加拿大皇家泰勒恐龙博物馆(Royal Tyrrell Museum)的达伦?塔克(Darren Tanke)。茱莉亚领导了发现化石的实地考察工作,达伦则为新恐龙命名找到了更多完整样本。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Cretaceous Research doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002
Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA
Nicholas R. Longrich a, Julia Sankey b and Darren Tanke c
a Department of Geology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
b Department of Physics and Geology, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Circle, Turlock, California 95382, USA
c Royal Tyrrell Museum, P.O. Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta T0J 0Y0, Canada
Recent work in the Campanian Aguja Formation of Big Bend, Texas, has resulted in the recovery of two frontoparietal domes from a new genus of pachycephalosaur. Texacephale langstoni gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by a tall, arched nasal boss, flange-like processes articulating the dome with the peripheral elements, and a low pedicel separating the cerebral fossa from the skull roof. The skull dome is composed largely of the fused frontals and parietals, with limited participation of the peripheral elements, and the supratemporal fenestrae remain open. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Texacephale langstoni is a basal member of the Pachycephalosauria. The discovery of Texacephale supports previous suggestions that the dinosaur fauna of Texas was distinct from that of contemporary assemblages to the north. The phylogenetic analysis presented here indicates that the Asian pachycephalosaurs form a monophyletic group, deeply nested within the Pachycephalosauridae, and that the basal members of the group are all North American. This finding indicates that pachycephalosaurids originated in North America, rather than Asia, as previously believed. The high diversity of North American pachycephalosaurs and the late appearance of pachycephalosaurs in Asia are consistent with this hypothesis. The biology of Texacephale and other Pachycephalosauridae are also discussed. The morphology of the dome in Texacephale and other pachycephalosaurs supports the hypothesis that pachycephalosaurids engaged in intraspecific combat, while the occurrence of Texacephale and other pachycephalosaurs in nearshore deposits argues that the pachycephalosaurs were not restricted to inland habitats.