东亚特有鲤科鱼类是东亚淡水鱼类重要组成部分，在整个鲤科鱼类的分布范围内，东亚地区鲤科鱼类的物种多样性有其独特性和代表性，其物种形成和分化研究对了解东亚地区淡水鱼类分布格局的形成和演变具有重要的意义。已有研究表明，东亚类群是鲤科鱼类中的一个单系类群，其物种分化与东亚季风气候进化和形成关系密切。然而，这一东亚特有鲤科类群内的系统发育关系尚未明确，其内部分类单元间的系统发育关系研究尚待深入。
10月20日，PLoS ONE杂志在线发表了中国科学院水生生物研究所系统发育与生物地理学学科组博士生陶文静在何舜平研究员指导下完成的题为Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Formerly Intractable Adaptive Diversification of the Endemic Clade of East Asian Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes)的论文。
最新研究使用系统发育基因组方法，对东亚特有鲤科鱼类的系统发育关系进行了重建。该研究选择了100个基因作为遗传标记，构建了鲤科东亚类群代表性物种间稳固的系统发育关系。研究表明，东亚类群的物种分化集中在760-190万年前，祖先状态重建表明，东亚类群中鱼类的趋同性状是在生态系统中相似选择压力作用下独立进化而成的。
本研究结果为更进一步的鲤科鱼类基因组进化研究及其物种分化研究提供了重要的基础。
该研究得到国家基础研究973计划、国家重点基金等项目的资助。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐英文摘要：
PLoS ONE 5(10): e13508. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013508
Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Formerly Intractable Adaptive Diversification of the Endemic Clade of East Asian Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes)
Wenjing Tao1,2, Ming Zou1,2, Xuzhen Wang1,2, Xiaoni Gan1,2, Richard L. Mayden3, Shunping He1*
1 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 3 Laboratory of Integrated Genomics, Biodiversity, and Conservation, Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
Despite their great diversity and biological importance, evolutionary relationships among the endemic clade of East Asian Cyprinidae remain ambiguous. Understanding the phylogenetic history of this group involves many challenges. For instance, ecomorphological convergence may confound morphology-based phylogenetic inferences, and previous molecular phylogenetic studies based on single genes have often yielded contradictory and poorly supported trees. We assembled a comprehensive data matrix of 100 nuclear gene segments (~ 71132 base pairs) for representative species of the endemic East Asian cyprinid fauna and recovered a robust phylogeny from this genome-wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods, including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Relaxed molecular clock analyses indicated species radiations of this clade concentrated at approximately 1.9–7.6 MYA. We provide evidence that the bursts of diversification in this fauna are directly linked to major paleoenvironmental events associated with monsoon evolution occurring from late Miocene to Pliocene. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals convergent morphological characters are hypothesized to be independent products of similar selective pressures in ecosystems. Our study is the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of the enigmatic East-Asian cyprinids. The explicit molecular phylogeny provides a valuable framework for future research in genome evolution, adaptation and speciation of cyprinids.
