日本科学家的研究发现,黑猩猩睾丸能产生的精子数量比大猩猩多200倍,比猩猩多14倍。猩猩中倾向滥交的种类一般具有较大的睾丸,而此次的研究最终证实它们也确实能产生更多的精子。这一份研究已经发表在《美国灵长类学杂志》(American Journal of Primatology)上。
研究人员原先认为黑猩猩之所以拥有较大的睾丸,可能是因为数只雄性黑猩猩之间需要互相竞争,以便赢得雌性黑猩猩的芳心。因此它们必须产生更多的精子,以便赢得竞争。
此次,研究人员对生活在日本和印度尼西亚的黑猩猩、大猩猩和猩猩进行了研究。他们设法获取了不同种类猩猩的睾丸组织切片,并在显微镜下进行分析,结果发现不同种类之间存在显著差异。
他们注意到产生精子的睾丸组织,大猩猩的要比猩猩的和黑猩猩的薄很多。黑猩猩睾丸产生的精子数量超过猩猩的14倍,而比大猩猩,这种世界上现存最大的灵长类动物,则要多出更多。 “我们的数据显示,黑猩猩一般可以产生比大猩猩多200倍的精子,”研究人员花本秀子解释说。对于这三种猩猩种类,研究人员目前已经确认,其睾丸的大小和其产生精子的数量成正比。
研究人员同时还宣称此次的发现支持这样一种理论,即认为产精能力直接关系到求偶竞争以及交配竞争中的地位和成败。
之前的研究中提出这样一种观点,认为实行一夫多妻制的猩猩种类,如大猩猩,睾丸较小,因为它们一只雄性猩猩统治整个族群,首领独享与所有母猩猩的交配权。而在相对滥交的种类,如黑猩猩中,雄性个体之间将存在较为激烈的竞争,数只雄性黑猩猩将为博取一只雌性的交配权而相互竞争。这种争竞机制被认为正是驱动产精能力加强和睾丸变得更大的动因,也因此能产生更多的精子。
然而在实际操作中,猩猩的产精能力是很难进行精确测量的。 “通常,你要想获取合适的样本非常困难,即使它们生活在动物园中也是一样。” 花本秀子女士说。“因此,只能用睾丸重量或者睾丸/身体重量比来作为产精能力的指标。”
在此之前,目视观察已经证实,相对自身体积,黑猩猩拥有比其他种类猩猩更大的睾丸,但不清楚这是否意味着它们能因此产生更多的精子。而这次的研究为这一说法提供了坚实的依据。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
American Journal of Primatology DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20930
A comparative study on testicular microstructure and relative sperm production in gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans
Hideko Fujii-Hanamoto1,*, Kiyoaki Matsubayashi2, Mayumi Nakano1, Hiroshi Kusunoki3, Tomoo Enomoto1
Keywords:Pongo pygmaeus;Gorilla gorilla;Pan troglodytes;testicular histology;relative sperm production
Abstract
We performed histological analyses for comparing testicular microstructure between the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan. Testicular samples were obtained by autopsy or biopsy from 10 gorillas, 11 chimpanzees, and 7 orangutans from several zoos and institutes. The seminiferous epithelia were thick in the chimpanzee and orangutan but thin in the gorilla. Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue were abundant in the gorilla. The acrosomic system was extremely well developed in the orangutans. Our study reveals that the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in orangutan testis can be divided into ten stages, whereas that in human, chimpanzee, and gorilla testes can be divided into only six stages. Phylogenetic analyses of the number of divisions may indicate that the seminiferous epithelium of our common ancestor has changed since the orangutan diverged from it. Furthermore, we performed comparative analyses of testicular microstructure to estimate relative sperm production among these three animals, and proposed a new indicator (namely the spermatogenic index, SI) closely related to sperm production. The SI indicated that a chimpanzee usually produces about 223 times more sperm than a gorilla and about 14 times more than an orangutan. Our data demonstrate the significance of the SI for estimating sperm production, thus aiding our understanding of the reproductive strategy as well as testis weight and relative testis size in investigated primates.