新一期英国《自然·通信》杂志刊登研究报告说，气候变化已明显影响了芬兰不同颜色猫头鹰群体的比例。由于近30年冬天越来越温暖，当地同种群不同颜色的猫头鹰在生存竞争中的优劣地位随之变化，导致它们的比例发生变化。
芬兰赫尔辛基大学等机构研究人员报告说，他们对当地名为“灰林鸮”的一种猫头鹰跟踪研究了几十年。这种猫头鹰分为棕色和灰色两种颜色，过去棕色猫头鹰数量相对较少，但近30年数量呈明显上升趋势，棕色猫头鹰在当地猫头鹰群体中所占比例已从30％上升到约50％。
研究人员认为，棕色“灰林鸮”的增多与气候变化有关。通常在严酷的冬天，棕色“灰林鸮”与灰色“灰林鸮”相比在竞争中处于劣势。一是因为在寒冬大雪中，前者更容易被其天敌发现，另外棕色“灰林鸮”新陈代谢率更高，意味着它们需要更多食物，这在缺乏食物的冬天也成为劣势之一。
因此，在过去天气更为寒冷时，棕色“灰林鸮”的数量并不多。而近30年随着全球气候变暖，冬天越来越暖和，棕色“灰林鸮”在竞争上的劣势相对减少，其数量也就出现增长.（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Nature Communications doi:10.1038/ncomms1213
Climate change drives microevolution in a wild bird
Patrik Karell,1 Kari Ahola,2 Teuvo Karstinen,3 Jari Valkama4 & Jon E. Brommer1
To ensure long-term persistence, organisms must adapt to climate change, but an evolutionary response to a quantified selection pressure driven by climate change has not been empirically demonstrated in a wild population. Here, we show that pheomelanin-based plumage colouration in tawny owls is a highly heritable trait, consistent with a simple Mendelian pattern of brown (dark) dominance over grey (pale). We show that strong viability selection against the brown morph occurs, but only under snow-rich winters. As winter conditions became milder in the last decades, selection against the brown morph diminished. Concurrent with this reduced selection, the frequency of brown morphs increased rapidly in our study population during the last 28 years and nationwide during the last 48 years. Hence, we show the first evidence that recent climate change alters natural selection in a wild population leading to a microevolutionary response, which demonstrates the ability of wild populations to evolve in response to climate change.
