北京时间7月21日消息,根据一项最近观测结果,科学家们在银河系的中心位置发现一个扭曲状的巨大低温条带。截至目前为止,天文学家们还仅仅目睹了这一估计达600光年尺度巨大结构的冰山一角,但是很显然这一结构似乎呈现一个数学上表示无穷的记号:∞。
来自瑞典空间物理研究院的天文学家赛吉尔·莫利纳利(Sergio Molinari)说:“我们手上现在有一些非常有意思的令人兴奋的结果,它就在我们银河系的中心”,莫利纳利和同事们一起将他们的这一论文发表在了最近一期的《天体物理学期刊快报》(Astrophysical Journal Letters )上。
天文学家们之前就曾采用红外波段技术观测过银河系充满尘埃气体的核心位置,红外线能穿透云雾,看清尘埃带内部的细节。但是由于那些观测的分辨率不够高,科学家们一直未能分辨出这一扭曲条带的整体结构。而这一次,他们使用了欧空局的赫歇尔红外空间望远镜,其强大的分辨能力让天文学家有能力分辨出其中的细节。
根据观测,这一条带物质的温度约为15K(约合-258摄氏度),在图像中蓝色代表较温暖的区域而红色代表较低温的区域。这一条带中有两处突出银盘平面。而随后进行的,利用地基望远镜进行的射电波段后续观测也证实这一条带结构是作为一个整体围绕着银心转动的。
尽管天文学家们尚无法理解这种扭曲结构是如何产生的,但是他们怀疑邻近星系的引力作用可能在其中发挥了重要的作用,如250万光年之外的仙女座星系。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
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A 100-parsec elliptical and twisted ring of cold and dense molecular clouds revealed by Herschel around the Galactic Center
S. Molinari, J. Bally, A. Noriega-Crespo, M. Compiègne, J.P. Bernard, D. Paradis, P. Martin, L. Testi, M. Barlow, T. Moore, R. Plume, B. Swinyard, A. Zavagno, L. Calzoletti, A.M. Di Giorgio, D. Elia, F. Faustini, P. Natoli, M. Pestalozzi, S. Pezzuto, F. Piacentini, G. Polenta, D. Polychroni, E. Schisano, A. Traficante, M. Veneziani, C. Battersby, M. Burton, S. Carey, Y. Fukui, J.Z. Li, S.D. Lord, L. Morgan, F. Motte, F. Schuller, G.S. Stringfellow, J.C. Tan, M. A. Thompson, D. Ward-Thompson, G.
Thermal images of cold dust in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way, obtained with the far-infrared cameras on-board the Herschel satellite, reveal a 3x10^7 solar masses ring of dense and cold clouds orbiting the Galactic Center. Using a simple toy-model, an elliptical shape having semi-major axes of 100 and 60 parsecs is deduced. The major axis of this 100-pc ring is inclined by about 40 degrees with respect to the plane-of-the-sky and is oriented perpendicular to the major axes of the Galactic Bar. The 100-pc ring appears to trace the system of stable x_2 orbits predicted for the barred Galactic potential. Sgr A* is displaced with respect to the geometrical center of symmetry of the ring. The ring is twisted and its morphology suggests a flattening-ratio of 2 for the Galactic potential, which is in good agreement with the bulge flattening ratio derived from the 2MASS data.