1月13日,德国莱比锡市亥姆霍兹环境研究中心的动物学家Maite Louzao和同事在《科学》杂志上发表报告"Changes in Wind Pattern Alter Albatross Distribution and Life-History Traits"说,由于风速变快,平均来看,信天翁增加了体重并可更为成功地繁殖后代。
当许多物种正在面临气候变化带来的痛苦之时,信天翁却似乎从中得到了好处。
最近几十年来的长期变暖提升了温度,并改变了许多地区的降水,但它同时还增加了印度洋西南部的平均风速。
具体来说,更高的风速意味着产卵季节的觅食之旅——自始至终由雄鸟和雌鸟轮流孵卵并照顾幼鸟——变得更短了:在2008年为平均9.7天,相比之下在1970年为12.4天。
反过来,在鸟巢中更短的轮班导致被遗弃的鸟蛋和雏鸟的减少:其间,平均而言,在1970年,有66%的鸟蛋能够最终变为小鸟,而在2008年,这一比例上升至约77%。
较短的轮班照顾时间同时让信天翁变得胖了起来:尽管这些鸟类并没有变得更大,但平均而言,它们的分量比20年前增加了1公斤——换句话说体重增加了10%到12%。
研究人员指出,这将帮助这些长距离飞行的冠军更好地经受大风施加在身体和翅膀上的压力,从而更好地利用气候变化造就的多风条件。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1210270
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Changes in Wind Pattern Alter Albatross Distribution and Life-History Traits
Henri Weimerskirch1,*, Maite Louzao1,2, Sophie de Grissac1, Karine Delord1
Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward. Using long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and flight speeds have increased. Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram. These positive consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies follow predicted climate change scenarios. This study stresses the importance of foraging performance as the key link between environmental changes and population processes.