遭受自然灾害伤害的人精神上会紧张或是焦虑,最近一项研究证实:自然灾害会使人们在日常生活中犯更多的错误,一些错误甚至比较严重。来自坎特伯雷大学的研究人员William S. Helton、James Head等人通过研究地震或是其它自然灾害发生过后对受害人员认知能力的影响后,发现在受灾害影响后,我们错误往往会犯的更多。相关论文发表在Human Factors杂志上。
早期研究已经揭示:人为灾难如“9.11”恐怖袭击事件过后,当时经历过这场劫难的人发生交通事故以及发生交通事故导致的死亡概率都增高了,这主要源于认知障碍的增高。但是,有关自然灾害对我们认知能力的影响还没有展开过相关研究。
研究人员募集了那些经历过2010年新西兰基督城地震灾害的人,工作者实施了一项人认知能力“差异”的测试,共设两个实验阶段。两个实验间期(两个实验阶段之间的时间),恰巧发生了新西兰基督城地震灾害,这样我们能比较灾害前后,人们认知能力上有何变化。
通过让受试者们按视频画面上相应的数字按钮来检测他们的认知能力。在正常情况下,参与第二实验阶段的人(也即经历过灾害后的人)认知能力有所下降。但是在发生地震过后,这些人出现遗漏数字或是认错数字的情况增加了。
比较地震发生前后参试者对数字反应的差别后发现:如果参试者在地震过后显得焦虑不安的话,他们作出反应的时间会缩短,但所做出的反应往往是错误的。研究结果暗示:重大灾难后,我们的认知负荷会增加,处理灾害期间的任务也许类似于处理双重任务。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1177/0018720811430503
PMC:
PMID:
Earthquakes on the Mind: Implications of Disasters for Human Performance
William S. Helton
Objective: The present study explored the impact a natural disaster has on human performance.
Background: Previous research indicates that traffic accidents increase after disasters. A plausible explanation for this finding is that disasters induce cognitive disruption and this disruption negatively affects performance (e.g., driving quality).
Method: A total of 16 participants (7 men and9 women) performed a sustained-attention-to-response task before and after a 7.1-magnitude earthquake. Performance (errors of omission, errors of commission, and reaction time) was compared before and after the earthquake.
Results: Errors of omission increased after the earthquake. Changes in errors of commission and reaction times were, however, dependent on individual differences in stress response to the earthquake.
Conclusion: The results indicate that natural disasters may have a negative impact on performance.
Application: Communities need to be aware of the increased risk of accidents following disasters and develop countermeasures, including individualized assessment tools.