云南大学张喜光课题组利用上海光源同步辐射显微CT技术(SR-uCT)结合扫描电镜方法对古生物甲壳类化石进行研究,发现少许保存近乎完整的柄眼、触角和一系列腿肢的磷足类化石。该项研究利用特异保存化石,论证寒武纪早期磷足类甲壳动物的躯体构建(body plan)基本特征的原创成果,为探讨早期节肢动物的适应分异与演化提供了新信息。研究成果于近期发表在Current Biology上,题为The First Stalk-Eyed Phosphatocopine Crustacean from the Lower Cambrian of China(Current Biology, 2012, 22: 2149–2154)。
在研究过程中,课题组利用上海光源成像线站(BL13W1)的同步辐射显微CT技术探测到扫描电镜技术无法触及的化石内部可能保存的微细构造,为研究提供了宝贵的准确信息。
该项研究工作中含软躯体的甲壳动物化石归属于‘Orsten’型特异化石宝库(Lagerst?tte),样品采自我国云南永善寒武纪肖滩剖面。此类化石在上世纪70年代由德国K. J. Müller首次发现并命名,主要包括一些微小的分类位置不明的胚胎和具外皮的后生动物(多为节肢动物)幼体。它们经亿万年埋藏并被磷酸盐化,其软躯体部分可显示体表微米级的刚毛、腺孔,甚至细胞构造。
张喜光教授研究组多年来一直致力于此类特异化石研究,论文中的磷足类甲壳动物,与先前报道的一些寒武纪晚期保存了中眼(median eyes)、纤细的第一触角(antennula)、单一折曲背甲(single-fold shield)和一系列甲壳类附肢的磷足类相比,是迄今已知最古老的发育了柄眼的甲壳动物,还有一对强壮的第一触角。这证实了在早期进化历程中,至少有一部分磷足类的视觉和附肢已发生明显变异。剖析带柄眼磷足类的头部,其着生视觉的体节应与一些干群(stem group)节肢类的前体节(anterior segment)同源,以此表明它们在系统发育上存在的必然联系。新的证据还表明:不同时代的磷足类,其附肢显示了总体上的一致性和时间推移带来的显着变迁。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.027
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The First Stalk-Eyed Phosphatocopine Crustacean from the Lower Cambrian of China
Xi-guang Zhang1, , , Brian R. Pratt2
Exhibiting Orsten-type preservation, specimens of the phosphatocopine Dabashanella sp. from the Lower Cambrian Stage 3 (about 520 million years ago) of southern China possess a single-fold shield and a set of appendages of crustacean design. More significantly, a pair of stalked eyes—the earliest known visual structure in this group—is attached to an ocular segment analogous to the anterior sclerite of various stem-group arthropods [ 1 and 2]. Accordingly, a unique visual system must have been present among some, if not all, early phosphatocopines. In comparison with the ground pattern of later members of this group [3], the new phosphatocopine, which with its unique head segmentation and limb design is unlikely to be embraced within the previously proposed Labrophora [ 4 and 5], demonstrates a remarkable modification and innovation in the appendages and visual system with time. Thus, this finding provides new data for the evaluation of the early evolutionary development and phylogenetics of the Crustacea and other related euarthropods.