裂腹鱼属为特产于亚洲高原地区的一类鲤科鱼类。所谓“裂腹鱼”因其腹部肛门和臀鳍两侧各有一排较大的排列整齐的鳞片（臀鳞），两排鳞片之间有一条明显的裂缝，初看起来象是肚子裂开一样，故名裂腹鱼。裂腹鱼类是青藏高原及其周边地区的特有鱼类，它们是随着青藏高原的形成而出现的，裂腹鱼的演化过程与青藏高原的形成和发展息息相关。云贵高原的广大地区，地质条件复杂，河流众多，为青藏高原自西向东南的倾斜延伸面，正是由于这样的倾斜控制了金沙江、怒江、澜沧江等河流的流向。青藏高原强烈隆起及其相伴的差异运动，直接影响了云贵高原水系格局的形成、河流袭夺。
为了更清楚地阐明裂腹鱼属鱼类在云贵高原地区的历史生物地理学过程，中国科学院昆明动物研究所杨剑博士在导师杨君兴研究员和陈小勇副研究员的指导下，重点加强了云南贵高原地区该属鱼样本的收集，构建了这一地区较为完整的裂腹鱼属鱼类的系统进化树。研究结果表明：系统树不支持裂腹鱼属鱼类亚属的划分；不同种类Cyt b 基因序列的最大遗传距离为11.2%；怒江和澜沧江的个体以较高的支持率聚成一单系；伊洛瓦底江水系与雅鲁藏布江的个体以较高的支持率聚成一单系；识别了一新地理单元群体——泛金沙江群体(金沙江、元江、南盘江、北盘江)；系统树不支持长江第一湾为袭夺湾的观点，古金沙江入古红河可能不经剑川-洱海一线；起源于3.6Ma 的青藏运动是横断山区各大水系发育的主要力量，也是该地区裂腹鱼属鱼类成种的主要时期。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00661.x
PMC:
PMID:
A re-examination of the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genusSchizothorax (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) through enhanced sampling, with emphasis on the species in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China
Jian Yang1,2, Jun Xing Yang1, Xiao Yong Chen1
The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences of 36 Schizothorax species from 51 localities in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) and its adjacent areas were analysed. Maximum parsimony, Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed to examine the relationships of Schizothorax species. A hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships of the species is given. A relaxed molecular clock based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis was used to tentatively calculate the divergence times of Schizothorax. Samples from the YGP were tentatively grouped into three geographically distributed clades: the Tsangpo-Irrawaddy, the Mekong-Salween and the Trans-Jinsha River (including Jinsha, Red, Nanpan and Beipan Rivers). Calibration of the molecular clock revealed that two geological periods, the late Miocene about 10 million years before present (Myr BP) and the Pliocene (4.0 Myr BP), were important times in the vicariant speciation ofSchizothorax. The phylogenetic history of the species is congruent with events caused by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the YGP. The divergence ofSchizothorax species in YGP began in the Pliocene. Our phylogenetic trees did not support the hypothesis that the paleo Jinsha River was drained through the Yangtze River-Jianchuan Lake-Erhai Lake to the Red River. Schizothorax in the Beipan River were derived from the Jinsha River.
