通过对始祖鸟羽毛化石首次进行的完整化学分析，科学家发现始祖鸟的羽毛颜色呈浅色，边缘和端点呈黑色，而非此前认为的完全呈黑色。始祖鸟是一种著名远古动物，将恐龙与鸟类联系在一起
借助于复杂的化学分析，英国曼彻斯特大学的一组专家揭示了始祖鸟羽毛的秘密。根据他们绘制的迄今为止最为清晰的始祖鸟羽毛图像，始祖鸟的羽毛呈浅色，而非此前认为的全黑。始祖鸟是地球上已知最为古老的鸟类，生活在1.5亿年前。
曼彻斯特大学进行的研究是第一次完整的始祖鸟羽毛化学分析。分析结果显示始祖鸟羽毛的颜色与此前认为的截然不同。科学家此前一直认为始祖鸟的羽毛完全呈黑色，但根据这项新研究，始祖鸟的羽毛颜色呈浅色，边缘和端点呈黑色。始祖鸟是一种著名远古动物，将恐龙与鸟类联系在一起。
此项X射线研究由曼彻斯特大学的一支研究小组与美国能源部SLAC国家加速器实验室的同行合作进行。在对距今1.5亿年前的始祖鸟化石进行分析时，科学家发现了最初的化学痕迹以及羽毛色素的痕迹。研究论文主执笔人、曼彻斯特大学古生物学家菲尔-曼宁博士表示：“在了解羽毛进化和羽毛保存的道路上，我们向前迈出了重要一步。”研究论文刊登在6月13日出版的英国皇家化学学会《原子光谱分析杂志》上。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
DOI: 10.1039/C3JA50077B
Synchrotron-based chemical imaging reveals plumage patterns in a 150 million year old early bird
Phillip. L. Manning, Nicholas P. Edwards, Roy A. Wogelius, Uwe Bergmann, Holly E. Barden, Peter L. Larson, Daniela Schwarz-Wings, Victoria M. Egerton, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Roberto A. Morib & William I. Sellerse
Charles Darwin acknowledged the importance of colour in the natural selection of bird plumage. Colour can indicate age, sex, and diet, as well as play roles in camouflage, mating and establishing territories. Feather and integument colour depend on both chemical and structural characteristics and so melanosome structure and trace metal biomarkers can be used to infer colour and pigment patterns in a range of extant and fossil organisms. In this study, three key specimens of Archaeopteryx were subjected to non-destructive chemical analysis in order to investigate the potential preservation of original pigmentation in early fossil feathers. Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence (SRS-XRF) maps are combined with sulphur X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy to provide the first map of organic sulphur distribution within whole fossils, and demonstrate that organically derived endogenous compounds are present. The distribution of trace-metals and organic sulphur in Archaeopteryx strongly suggests that remnants of endogenous eumelanin pigment have been preserved in the feathers of this iconic fossil. These distributions are used here to predict the complete feather pigment pattern and show that the distal tips and outer vanes of feathers were more heavily pigmented than inner vanes, contrary to recent studies. This pigment adaptation might have impacted upon the structural and mechanical properties of early feathers, steering plumage evolution in Archaeopteryx and other feathered theropod dinosaurs.
