日本奈良先端科学技术学院大学生生物科学研究科的岛本功教授的研究小组发现了决定植物在何时开花的荷尔蒙———成花素。研究小组用水稻试验发现,成花素是由促进水稻开花的遗传基因Hd3a制造的蛋白质,研究小组实际观察到了成花素移动到开花植物茎前端的现象。
至今为止,学术界一直认为,植物中存在成花素,但科学家从未实际发现和观察到成花素的存在。研究小组试验中在遗传基因中植入荧光使其发光,然后与Hd3a遗传基因结合后导入水稻中,通过发光确认了它的存在。通常,水稻开花要经过50天—60天的时间,植入Hd3a遗传基因的水稻,只经过15天—20天的时间即可开花。研究小组发现,植入的遗传基因Hd3a不仅存在于叶和茎等植物通道部分,在形成花茎最顶端也存在。
Hd3a原本只有叶子才能制造的,在通路部分以及茎部顶端几乎观测不到。研究小组在试验中确认了水稻茎顶部也存在Hd3a,从而证明Hd3a蛋白质参与了植物开花的工作。
成花素在所有植物中均存在,因此该研究对开发鲜花生长剂以及增加农作物收成的药剂具有重要意义。该研究成果已刊载于19日的美国《科学》杂志网络版。
英文原文: http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=50851
原始出处:
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Published Online April 19, 2007
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1141753
Submitted on February 26, 2007
Accepted on April 6, 2007
Hd3a Protein Is a Mobile Flowering Signal in Rice
Shojiro Tamaki 1, Shoichi Matsuo 1, Hann Ling Wong 1, Shuji Yokoi 2, Ko Shimamoto 1*
1 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.
2 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan; Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ko Shimamoto , E-mail: simamoto@bs.naist.jp
Florigen, the mobile signal that moves from an induced leaf to the shoot apex and causes flowering, has eluded identification for the 70 years since it was first proposed. Understanding the nature of the mobile flowering signal would provide a key insight into the molecular mechanism of floral induction. Recent studies suggest that the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene is a candidate for encoding florigen. Here we show that the protein encoded by Hd3a, a rice ortholog of FT, moves from the leaf to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and induces flowering in rice. These results suggest that the Hd3a protein may be the rice florigen.