新城大学(University of Newcastle)东北英格兰干细胞研究所(North-east England Stem Cell Institute，NESCI)的研究人员，成功的从人类骨髓制作出男性早期精虫细胞，此研究发表于4月13日的《生殖：配子生物学》（Reproduction：Gamete Biology）期刊。由Karim Nayernia教授主导计划进行。
研究人员从男性自愿者的骨髓中取出间质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cell），这些细胞已在许多研究中证实能分化成人体的各种组织，例如：骨骼、软骨或肌肉等。研究人员在实验室培养这些细胞并诱导其形成男性的精虫细胞，基因标记显示这种称为spermatagonial的干细胞（意即为男性芽胞细胞，germ cells），事实上是已部分发育的精虫细胞，研究人员指出：理论上这些spermatagonial细胞都会发育为成熟且具有功能的精虫细胞，只是此研究并未进行到这个阶段。
Karim Nayernia教授的研究团队先前的研究对象是实验小鼠，研究成果已发表于Laboratory Investigations期刊。而此研究则证明在人体也能从骨髓中制作出早期精虫细胞。追溯回2006年7月，研究团队已发表于Developmental Cell 期刊的文献，已成功的利用这些细胞孵育出7只小老鼠，并受到全球科学家的肯定与喝采。他表示：“在科学上的些许研究也许能对人体不孕的治疗提供一点贡献。”
英文原文：
Early-stage sperm cells created from human bone marrow
Human bone marrow has been used to create early-stage sperm cells for the first time, a scientific step forward that will help researchers understand more about how sperm cells are created.
The research published today (Friday, April 13 2007), in the academic journal Reproduction: Gamete Biology, was led by Professor Karim Nayernia (pictured), formerly of the University of Göttingen in Germany but now of Newcastle Univesity and the North-east England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI).
For the experiment, Prof Nayernia and his team took bone marrow from male volunteers and isolated the mesenchymal stem cells. These cells have previously been found to grow into other body tissues such as muscle.
They cultured these cells in the laboratory and coaxed them into becoming male reproductive cells, which are scientifically known as ‘germ cells’.
Genetic markers showed the presence of partly-developed sperm cells called spermatagonial stem cells, which are an early phase of the male germ cell development. In most men, spermatagonial cells eventually develop into mature, functional sperm but this progression was not achieved in this experiment.
The research was carried out in Germany. Prof Nayernia is continuing with this work at NESCI, which has just opened a suite of new laboratories at the Cente for Life in Newcastle.
Earlier research led by Prof Nayernia using mice, published in Laboratory Investigations, also created spermatagonial cells from mouse bone marrow. The cells were transplanted into mouse testes and were observed to undergo early meiosis - cell division - the next stage to them becoming mature sperm cells, although they did not develop further.
Talking about his newly published research paper, Prof Nayernia said : “We’re very excited about this discovery, particularly as our earlier work in mice suggests that we could develop this work even further.
“Our next goal is to see if we can get the spermatagonial stem cells to progress to mature sperm in the laboratory and this should take around three to five years of experiments. I’ll be collaborating with other NESCI scientists to take this work forward.
Prof Nayernia says a lengthy process of scientific investigation is required within a reasonable ethical and social framework to be able to take this work to its next stage or to say if it has potential applications in terms of fertility treatments in humans.
Prof Nayernia gained worldwide acclaim in July 2006 when he announced in the journal Developmental Cell that he and colleagues had created sperm cells from mouse embryonic stem cells and used these to fertilise mice eggs, resulting in seven live births.
Prof Nayernia will explore possible clinical applications of his new research in the £4m suite of new laboratories unveiled at the Centre for Life in February 2007. The laboratories are especially designed to grow cultures of stem cells in clinically-clean conditions.
The laboratories were part-funded by One NorthEast, the regional development agency, which is supporting stem cell research as a major theme of the Newcastle Science City initiative, launched by Chancellor Gordon Brown in December 2004. Mr Brown designated Newcastle and five other cities as 'Science Cities' in recognition of their potential to use world class research to stimulate the growth of knowledge economies in the English regions and help to ensure that the UK remains globally competitive in the future.
Sarah Stewart, Director of Newcastle Science City, said of Prof Nayernia's latest work: 'This project is exactly the type of ground-breaking work that Newcastle Science City seeks to encourage and develop as part of our vision to stay at the forefront of world stem cell research.'
