生物谷报道:来自美国和加拿大的科研人员认为,男人低沉浑厚的声音比强壮的体格和迷人的脸蛋更能吸引女性。同时研究人员还认为,拥有浑厚声音的男性比其他男性更可能生育更多的后代。此研究结发布在the journal Biology Letters.
科学家说,一个人浑厚的声音有点像孔雀的尾巴——它没有生存的价值,但却能吸引更多的异性。青春期睾丸激素会使童音雄性化。
Coren Apicella和他的团队共采访了坦桑尼亚哈扎族的52名女性和49名男性,他们的年龄分别从18岁至55岁。在这个大的部落中,并没有采取任何节育的措施。研究者之所以选择哈扎族,是因为他们的生活方式反映了人类的进化历史。他们都是群体活动,女性采摘浆果和采集野生植物,男性则收集蜂蜜和狩猎动物。即使哈扎族是一夫一妻制,但是婚外性还是常见的。
在Swahili采访过程中,Coren Apicella记录下男性和女性的声音。在随后的研究中,他们发现拥有低沉浑厚声音的男性拥有的后代远比另外一些男性的后代多。调查人群中,一个音调低沉的男子拥有10个孩子,而另外一个音调最高的男子却只有3个孩子。
Coren Apicella认为,也许音调低沉的的男性体内睾丸激素的水平较高,这样能使他们吸引到更多的女性。Coren Apicella还认为高水平的睾丸激素可能使男人更早的进入生育期——因为他们是更好的猎手(好的猎手会给家庭带来更多的食物,这样他们妻子进入下一代生育期的时间会更短) 。
在人类进化历史上,曾经有个时期,男人和女人的声音音调都差不多。但是随着物种选择,那些男中音的基因取得优势。男孩子到青春期才会变声,这绝非偶然。当睾丸激素开始分泌时,男性的声带就会变长,变宽变厚,从而发出低沉的声音来引起女性注意。
英文原文链接:http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/83740.php
原始出处:
Voice pitch predicts reproductive success in male hunter-gatherers
C.L. Apicella1, D.R. Feinberg2, F.W. Marlowe3
1Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
2Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
3Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, 1847 West Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-7772, USA
Abstract
The validity of evolutionary explanations of vocal sexual dimorphism hinges upon whether or not individuals with more sexually dimorphic voices have higher reproductive success than individuals with less dimorphic voices. However, due to modern birth control methods, these data are rarely described, and mating success is often used as a second-rate proxy. Here, we test whether voice pitch predicts reproductive success, number of children born and child mortality in an evolutionarily relevant population of hunter-gatherers. While we find that voice pitch is not related to reproductive outcomes in women, we find that men with low voice pitch have higher reproductive success and more children born to them. However, voice pitch in men does not predict child mortality. These findings suggest that the association between voice pitch and reproductive success in men is mediated by differential access to fecund women. Furthermore, they show that there is currently selection pressure for low-pitch voices in men.
Keywords
voice pitch, reproductive success, mating