MIT的科学家最近发现一种被认为能延长寿命的基因和清除体内的胆固醇过程有关。这一发现能帮助科学家设计降低高胆固醇导致的各种疾病风险的药物,包括动脉硬化症和阿兹海默症等。
科学家研究了这种被称为SIRT1的基因,它通过激活一种细胞路径,并由HDL(高密度脂蛋白或“好胆固醇”)将体内胆固醇清除,最终阻止胆固醇形成。MIT的生物学教授Leonard Guarente是文章主要作者,他说:“SIRT1是调节胆固醇的重要基因,因此它在和胆固醇相关的多种老年疾病中起着作用。”研究结果发表在10月12日的《分子细胞》(Molecular Cell)上。
提高SIRT1作用的药物能降低胆固醇疾病的风险,例如多酚类药物,这是红酒中发现的能增强SIRT1作用的物质。但是红酒中自然存在的含量不足以对胆固醇浓度造成显著影响。
在较早的研究中,Guarente发现能通过极端限制能量来实现高浓度的SIRT1,但这并不适合大部分人。Guarente说:“一旦有能增强SIRT1表达的药物,就能得到类似能量限制的效果。这将提高人们的健康水平。”
SIRT1是哺乳动物中类似SIR2的基因,SIR2被发现能延缓酵母和蛔虫的衰老。科学家想知道SIRT1是否有相同的效果。在MIT进行的新研究中,科学家发现较低的SIRT1将通过减少LXR蛋白(肝脏X受体)活性使老鼠体内胆固醇在巨噬细胞内堆积,这是一种免疫细胞。
LXR负责将胆固醇运输出巨噬细胞。当充满胆固醇后,巨噬细胞将产生大量阻塞血管的血小板。SIRT1能提高LXR的活性,因此胆固醇将被输送出巨噬细胞,并由HDL清除出体外。(教育部科技发展中心)
原文链接:http://www.physorg.com/news111331848.html
原始出处:
Molecular Cell, Vol 28, 91-106, 12 October 2007
Article
SIRT1 Deacetylates and Positively Regulates the Nuclear Receptor LXR
Xiaoling Li,1,2 Songwen Zhang,1,3 Gil Blander,1 Jeanette G. Tse,1 Monty Krieger,1 and Leonard Guarente1,
1 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Corresponding author
Leonard Guarente
leng@mit.edu
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sir2 regulates life span in lower eukaryotes. The mammalian ortholog SIRT1 regulates physiological processes including apoptosis, fat metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. Here we show that SIRT1 is a positive regulator of liver X receptor (LXR) proteins, nuclear receptors that function as cholesterol sensors and regulate whole-body cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. LXR acetylation is evident at a single conserved lysine (K432 in LXRα and K433 in LXRβ) adjacent to the ligand-regulated activation domain AF2. SIRT1 interacts with LXR and promotes deacetylation and subsequent ubiquitination. Mutations of K432 eliminate activation of LXRα by this sirtuin. Loss of SIRT1 in vivo reduces expression of a variety of LXR targets involved in lipid metabolism, including ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that mediates an early step of HDL biogenesis. Our findings suggest that deacetylation of LXRs by SIRT1 may be a mechanism that affects atherosclerosis and other aging-associated diseases.