英国和日本科学家的一项最新研究,确定了植物根部如何能够绕过坚硬的障碍物,向土壤中生长的深层机制。这一新发现也有助于解释为何种子在发芽扎根过程中不会将自己顶出地面。相关论文发表在2月29日的《科学》杂志上。
领导该项研究的是英国John Innes研究中心(一家植物和微生物研究的顶尖机构)的Liam Dolan,他表示,关键之处就在于植物根毛“毛绒绒”的表层。在研究中,Liam Dolan等人和日本东京理科大学(Tokyo University of Science)的研究人员一道,确定出了一种植物生长控制机制,它能让根毛找到该走的路,并且进行伸长。
根毛探索土壤的过程类似于一个人在黑暗中靠感觉前行。如果根毛与障碍物不期而遇,它们就会在周围四处寻找新的道路,直至能够继续自由地向前生长。与此同时,随着根毛紧紧抓住土壤,植物也被牢牢固定起来。
研究中科学家发现,根毛的这种能力由一条自增强循环路径(self-reinforcing cycle)加以调控。根毛尖端的一种名为RHD2的蛋白能够制造自由基(free radicals),从而激发植物对土壤中钙的吸收。而这些钙又会反过来提升RHD2的活性,导致更多的自由基产生和更强的钙吸收。
而当有物体阻碍根毛的前进路径时,这一循环调控路径被破坏,根部生长就开始朝另一方向进行。Dolan表示,这一显著的调控系统赋予植物探索复杂环境的灵活性,使它们能够在几乎无望的土壤中生存繁衍。(科学网 任霄鹏/编译)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
(Science),Vol. 319. no. 5867, pp. 1241 - 1244,Seiji Takeda, Liam Dolan
Local Positive Feedback Regulation Determines Cell Shape in Root Hair Cells
Seiji Takeda, Catherine Gapper, Hidetaka Kaya,Elizabeth Bell, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Liam Dolan
The specification and maintenance of growth sites are tightly regulated during cell morphogenesis in all organisms. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (RHD2 NADPH) oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate a Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm that is required for root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that Ca2+, in turn, activated the RHD2 NADPH oxidase to produce ROS at the growing point in the root hair. Together, these components could establish a means of positive feedback regulation that maintains an active growth site in expanding root hair cells. Because the location and stability of growth sites predict the ultimate form of a plant cell, our findings demonstrate how a positive feedback mechanism involving RHD2, ROS, and Ca2+ can determine cell shape.