生物谷报道:美国科学家近日发现除了光线以外,进食也可以调节生物钟,这一发现有助于解释动物怎样调节生理节奏以避免饿死,并且表明,通过调节进食时间,人类能够更好地应对时差和夜间工作。相关论文发表在23日的《科学》杂志上。
在动物大脑的视丘下部,有一组名为视交叉上核(SCN)的细胞,起着机体主生物钟的作用。SCN经由视觉系统接收日-夜循环的信号,并将信号传递给视丘下部的另一组名为背内侧核(DMH)的细胞,DMH接着组织起眠-觉循环,以及活动、进食、荷尔蒙循环。研究人员称当食物容易获得的时候,这一系统运转得极其顺利,光信号帮助动物建立了适应标准日-夜循环的生理节奏。然而,如果食物在正常的觉醒期间无法获得,动物就需要能够适应在常规睡眠期间获得食物。为了生存下来,动物发展出了第二种“食物相关”的时钟。这一新的时钟使动物能够转变它们睡眠和觉醒的时间表,以有最大化发现食物的机会。
在实验中,研究人员使用灭活了生物钟关键基因(BMAL1)的小鼠为实验对象,然后将这一基因置入病毒载体,达到了一次只在大脑中一个地点恢复生物钟功能的目的。通过这种按部就班的分析,研究人员揭示了与进食有关的生物钟。研究发现,在饥饿循环后喂食能开启生物钟,所以它有效地越过了SCN,并将所有的生理节奏‘劫持’到了一个新的时区,与食物获取相一致。
研究人员表示,这一发现有望在旅行者和倒班工作者身上得到应用。比如,旅行者可以通过改变进食时间,使自己的进食时钟开始运转,从而能更快地调整时差。完全禁食16个小时足以开启这一新的时钟。所以,在飞机上不吃任何食物,着陆后尽快进食,将能够帮助你调节时差,并能避免一些不舒服的时差反应。(生物谷www.bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Science,Vol. 320. no. 5879, pp. 1074 – 1077,Patrick M. Fuller,Clifford B. Saper
Differential Rescue of Light- and Food-Entrainable Circadian Rhythms
Patrick M. Fuller, Jun Lu, Clifford B. Saper*
When food is plentiful, circadian rhythms of animals are powerfully entrained by the light-dark cycle. However, if animals have access to food only during their normal sleep cycle, they will shift most of their circadian rhythms to match the food availability. We studied the basis for entrainment of circadian rhythms by food and light in mice with targeted disruption of the clock gene Bmal1, which lack circadian rhythmicity. Injection of a viral vector containing the Bmal1 gene into the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus restored light-entrainable, but not food-entrainable, circadian rhythms. In contrast, restoration of the Bmal1 gene only in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus restored the ability of animals to entrain to food but not to light. These results demonstrate that the dorsomedial hypothalamus contains a Bmal1-based oscillator that can drive food entrainment of circadian rhythms.
Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu