生物谷报道:树木一直被认为是极为被动的生命,随风而动,遇雨而湿。不过美国科学家最近的研究表明,至少在温度的调节这一点上,树木有自己的“主见”。他们研究认为,不论天气变得多么寒冷,树木都能将叶子的温度平均控制在温和的21.4°C。相关论文6月11日在线发表于《自然》(Nature)杂志上。
进行此次研究的是美国宾夕法尼亚大学的Suzanna Richter和Brent Helliker。他们对加拿大和波多黎各的39种树木进行了同位素分析,测量了样本中O18和O16的比率。通常来说,O18和O16的比率在温暖湿润的气候要比在寒冷的北方为高,且在干燥的气候中也应更高(这种情况下O16更容易从叶子扩散到空气中去)。
然而测量结果显示,来自北部维度的测量比率要比预想得高。研究人员表示,有一种假设可以解释这种情况,即认为即使在年均温度为-10°C的最北部,树叶也能够维持21.4°C的平均温度。Helliker感叹说:“这是在科学上第一次让我目瞪口呆的时刻。”
不过Helliker强调,树叶并不产热,也并非由超级绝缘材料制成。确切地说,北部的树木将树叶丛生在一起,“捕获”了静止空气的边界层(boundary layer)。边界层像毯子一样,保温保湿,并有助树木的新陈代谢。红外成像显示,树叶能比周围的温度高出好几度。
瑞士巴塞尔大学的植物生态学家Christian Körner对研究结果持怀疑态度。他认为,此次的分析依赖的是年均温度,没有考虑树木只在温暖的季节、一天中温暖的时刻进行生长的事实。杉木和北部的其它树木并不是控制自身温度,而是在温度达到至少21.4°C的仅有的几个月里进行生长。他还争论说细长的针叶树叶根本无法捕获热量。
不过,美国维克森林大学的生物物理生态学家William Smith说,对杉木树枝的实验室测量表明这一立场是“完全错误的”。他表示,争论已经超出了学术的范围,为了重建过去精确的气候记录以及预测未来的气候变化,研究人员需要弄清当涉及到温度时树木的真正“被动”程度。(生物谷www.bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature,doi:10.1038/nature07031,Brent R. Helliker,Suzanna L. Richter
Subtropical to boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures
Brent R. Helliker1 & Suzanna L. Richter2
Department of Biology,
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Correspondence to: Brent R. Helliker1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to B.R.H (Email: helliker@sas.upenn.edu).
The oxygen isotope ratio (18O) of cellulose is thought to provide a record of ambient temperature and relative humidity during periods of carbon assimilation1, 2. Here we introduce a method to resolve tree-canopy leaf temperature with the use of 18O of cellulose in 39 tree species. We show a remarkably constant leaf temperature of 21.4 2.2 °C across 50° of latitude, from subtropical to boreal biomes. This means that when carbon assimilation is maximal, the physiological and morphological properties of tree branches serve to raise leaf temperature above air temperature to a much greater extent in more northern latitudes. A main assumption underlying the use of 18O to reconstruct climate history is that the temperature and relative humidity of an actively photosynthesizing leaf are the same as those of the surrounding air3, 4. Our data are contrary to that assumption and show that plant physiological ecology must be considered when reconstructing climate through isotope analysis. Furthermore, our results may explain why climate has only a modest effect on leaf economic traits5 in general.