(图片来源:Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology)
德国、瑞士等国科学家近日研究发现,microRNA能够调控植物的生长和老化过程。这是首次阐明植物生长和老化的拮抗调控机制。相关论文发表在《PloS生物学》(PLoS Biology)上。
microRNA是短小、单链的基因片段,它们能调控其它的基因。microRNA绑定在遗传材料的补充序列上,从而阻止这些序列被“阅读”及发挥作用。在植物中,microRNA主要抑制其它的调节因子,即所谓的转录因子。这些因子能通过绑定到DNA片段开启或关闭基因,从而形成过多或过少的蛋白质。因为蛋白质控制着代谢过程,所以如果失衡就会导致植物或多或少的可见变化。
在最新的研究中,德国马普发育生物学研究所的Detlef Weigel和瑞士等国的同行调查了TCP家族的转录因子对于模式植物拟南芥的生长和老化的作用。这些转录因子由miR319调控。
结合生物化学和遗传分析,研究人员发现,这些转录因子不仅影响叶子的生长,而且还调控对于植物激素茉莉酮酸形成必不可少的基因。植物中miR319的含量越高,转录因子的数量就越少,这就导致茉莉酮酸合成量更少。而含很少量茉莉酮酸的植物老化速度更慢。这一过程可通过用激素处理植物阻断。
Weigel说:“我们的研究显示,由miR319调控的转录因子对于植物的生长施加了消极作用,而且导致植物过早老化。此次发现的机制是植物遗传调节关系研究的一个里程碑。只有当更好地理解了这些过程,我们才能生产出具有特殊性能的植物。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PLoS Biology,doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060230,Carla Schommer,Detlef Weigel
Control of Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Senescence by miR319 Targets
Carla Schommer, Javier F. Palatnik, Pooja Aggarwal, Aurore Chételat, Pilar Cubas, Edward E. Farmer, Utpal Nath, Detlef Weigel
Considerable progress has been made in identifying the targets of plant microRNAs, many of which regulate the stability or translation of mRNAs that encode transcription factors involved in development. In most cases, it is unknown, however, which immediate transcriptional targets mediate downstream effects of the microRNA-regulated transcription factors. We identified a new process controlled by the miR319-regulated clade of TCP(TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) transcription factor genes. In contrast to other miRNA targets, several of which modulate hormone responses, TCPs control biosynthesis of the hormone jasmonic acid. Furthermore, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized effect of TCPs on leaf senescence, a process in which jasmonic acid has been proposed to be a critical regulator. We propose that miR319-controlled TCP transcription factors coordinate two sequential processes in leaf development: leaf growth, which they negatively regulate, and leaf senescence, which they positively regulate.