朊蛋白一向都与臭名昭著的疯牛病联系在一起,提起朊蛋白就不得不让人想起疯牛病,假如您有这样的想法,今天一篇Cell文章可能会改变您对朊蛋白的看法,来自白头研究所和霍华休斯研究所的科学家发现酵母的朊蛋白具有促进酵母适应环境变化的功能,所以说,朊蛋白并非一无是处,它也有好的一面。
西北大学研究酵母朊蛋白的生物化学家Liming Li说,这项研究成果令人着迷,并且具有重要的生物学意义。这些研究结果甚至表明朊蛋白在表观遗传学中起重要的作用,对基因表达的调控有重要的意义。
该文章的通讯作者白头研究所的分子生物学家Susan Lindquist表示,在先前的研究中,科学家们已经发现在酵母中有3-4个蛋白是朊蛋白,因此她和同事希望能深入筛选,找找酵母中的其他朊蛋白。于是她们在朊蛋白富集的基因组区域内寻找朊蛋白的信息,结果找出200余种符合阮蛋白标准的序列。
这一结果表明酵母细胞内的朊蛋白的含量远比之前假设的要多。有些甚至出现的频率十分高,研究人员怀疑朊蛋白对酵母的正常机能的维持具有重要的作用。她们分析了Mot3,结果发现正常的Mot3能帮助酵母构建完整的柔软的细胞壁,而发生突变的Mot3会导致酵母细胞壁变得僵硬。
在正常的情况小,酵母需要一个柔软的细胞壁,这样有助它快速地分裂繁殖,如果细胞壁变得僵硬会抑制酵母细胞分化生长。
研究者猜测,朊蛋白的这一情况不仅存在于酵母中,在其他生命体中朊蛋白也许也具有重要的功能和作用。作者之一Halfmann称,他们将在下一步对其他生命体的朊蛋白进行研究。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cell, 3 April 2009 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.044
A Systematic Survey Identifies Prions and Illuminates Sequence Features of Prionogenic Proteins
Simon Alberti1,5,Randal Halfmann1,3,5,Oliver King1,4,Atul Kapila1,3andSusan Lindquist1,2,3,,
1 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
3 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
4 Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
5 These authors contributed equally to this work
Prions are proteins that convert between structurally and functionally distinct states, one or more of which is transmissible. In yeast, this ability allows them to act as non-Mendelian elements of phenotypic inheritance. To further our understanding of prion biology, we conducted a bioinformatic proteome-wide survey for prionogenic proteins in S. cerevisiae, followed by experimental investigations of 100 prion candidates. We found an unexpected amino acid bias in aggregation-prone candidates and discovered that 19 of these could also form prions. At least one of these prion proteins, Mot3, produces a bona fide prion in its natural context that increases population-level phenotypic heterogeneity. The self-perpetuating states of these proteins present a vast source of heritable phenotypic variation that increases the adaptability of yeast populations to diverse environments.