荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正通过一种新的育种策略来培育抗病作物品种,这种策略是使某些基因失效而非转入新基因。据研究人员称,利用分子技术关闭某些基因的表达已经在作物品质改良方面使用多年,但一直没有利用这种方法进行隐性突变来增加植物对病原体抗性。在Molecular Breeding发表的一篇综述性文章中,荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的Yuling Bai教授、Evert Jacobsen教授以及Richard Visser教授对这一方法进行了阐述。
在这篇文章里,Yuling Bai教授和他的同事探讨了易感基因方面的新发现,这些基因能被病原体激活从而破坏植物的免疫能力。大麦中的Mlo基因是人们发现的第一个易感基因。人们发现这种基因在抗白粉病品种中没有功能,将拟南芥中的Mlo基因沉默使其不发挥功能时,该作物能对这种病产生抗性。
据科学家称,针对这种新的育种策略,广大植物学家和育种专家还存有争议。Jacobsen说:“在过去的2年半里我们一直在讨论这种策略,并不是每个人都认同它的潜力。有人说:基因沉默不是新技术,我们需要的是抗性基因。你们应该研究新技术、新策略,这才是大学的任务。” 目前Jacobsen和他的团队正在研究马铃薯中的晚疫病易感基因。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Molecular Breeding DOI 10.1007/s11032-009-9323-6
Loss of susceptibility as a novel breeding strategy for durable and broad-spectrum resistance
Stefano Pavan1, 2, Evert Jacobsen1, Richard G. F. Visser1 and Yuling Bai1
(1) Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen UR-Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
(2) Department of Agroforestry, Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Section of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Abstract Recent studies on plant immunity have suggested that a pathogen should suppress induced plant defense in order to infect a plant species, which otherwise would have been a nonhost to the pathogen. For this purpose, pathogens exploit effector molecules to interfere with different layers of plant defense responses. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on plant factors that are activated by pathogen effectors to suppress plant immunity. By looking from a different point of view into host and nonhost resistance, we propose a novel breeding strategy: disabling plant disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) to achieve durable and broad-spectrum resistance.