盐胁迫给农业生产带来严重危害,因此研究植物的抗盐机制能够为从基因水平上改造农作物,提高农作物的产量提供很好的理论依据。研究发现,泛素/26S蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin/26S proteasome system, UPS)在植物的抗逆过程中起重要的调节作用,很多重要的胁迫响应因子被证明是E3泛素连接酶。而近期的研究逐渐把植物对逆境胁迫反应与ER质量检测系统(Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control, ERQC)联系起来。在ERQC中包含一种特殊的UPS机制,称为ER相关的蛋白降解机制(ER Associated protein Degradation, ERAD)。ERAD特异性地降解ER中错误折叠的蛋白。在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中,对于ERAD机制的研究已经比较透彻并且发现该机制参与生物体的抗病及抗胁迫过程。但植物中ERAD的关键性组分蛋白迄今未见报道,阻碍了ERAD参与植物环境胁迫响应的研究进展。
通过细胞生物学和分子生物学的方法,中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所谢旗研究组发现,ERAD对植物抗盐胁迫非常重要。盐处理时植物细胞中总泛素化的蛋白增加,特别是错误折叠的蛋白。这些错误折叠蛋白快速地在ER中积累并诱导非正确折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response, UPR)。该研究组利用ERAD组分蛋白的保守性,通过同源序列比对的方法得到了拟南芥中可能参与植物ERAD机制的基因,并对HRD3A这一基因的功能进行了详细的分析。功能研究证明,HRD3A对植物ERAD而言是不可或缺的。HRD3A的缺乏使UPR发生改变、增加了植物对盐胁迫的敏感性并且使ERAD的底物蛋白在细胞中积累。该研究进一步证明,Ca2+从ER中的释放参与了诱导UPR的过程,且活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)参与了ERAD介导的植物抗盐途径。
这项研究找到了一个参与植物ERAD的重要组分,深化了对植物ERAD功能和植物耐盐新机制的理解,为从基因层次上改良农作物提供了新的思路。此研究在线发表于Cell Research杂志上。谢旗实验室博士生刘利静为该论文的第一作者。文章获得多个生命科学网站的推荐和导读。
该研究得到了国家自然科学基金委和973项目的资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Cell Research DOI:10.1038/cr.2010.181
The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation is necessary for plant salt tolerance
Lijing Liu,Feng Cui,Qingliang Li,Bojiao Yin,Huawei Zhang,Baoying Lin,Yaorong Wu,Ran Xia,Sanyuan Tang and Qi Xie
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms have quality-control mechanisms that allow misfolded or unassembled proteins to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently degraded by ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The ERAD pathway is well studied in yeast and mammals; however, the biological functions of plant ERAD have not been reported. Through molecular and cellular biological approaches, we found that ERAD is necessary for plants to overcome salt stress. Upon salt treatment ubiquitinated proteins increased in plant cells, especially unfolded proteins that quickly accumulated in the ER and subsequently induced ER stress responses. Defect in HRD3A of the HRD1/HRD3 complex of the ERAD pathway resulted in alteration of the unfolded protein response (UPR), increased plant sensitivity to salt, and retention of ERAD substrates in plant cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ca2+ release from the ER is involved in the elevation of UPR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates the ERAD-related plant salt response pathway.