军事医学科学院生物工程研究所发育与疾病遗传研究室主任杨晓研究员是国内著名的基因敲除研究专家。近期,她领导的研究小组利用基因敲除技术研究了TGF-β信号通路的核心信号转导分子Smad4在调控大脑血管内皮细胞功能中的作用。相关研究论文发表在国际著名期刊《细胞》(Cell)旗下的子刊《发育细胞》(Developmental cell)杂志上。
在临床上,脑功能障碍常与新生儿颅内出血(ICH)和成人中风有着密切的关系。脑血管内皮细胞(ECs)通过与周围细胞交互作用在中枢神经系统中发挥维持脑循环稳定的重要功能。然而目前对于调控大脑血管内皮细胞功能的遗传机制仍然知之甚少。
转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)是一个包括数十种TGF-βs、骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs)等配体在内的生长因子超家族。近年来大量的研究表明TGF-β信号通路控制着一系列的细胞反应,包括细胞增殖、分化、细胞外基质重建和胚胎发育。TGF-β信号转导异常与多种疾病如肿瘤的起始和转移、组织纤维化,自身免疫性疾病及心脑血管疾病有关。
为了更深入地研究核心信号转导分子Smad4介导的TGF-β信号在脑血管系统发育和稳态中的作用,研究人员特异性地敲除了小鼠脑血管内皮细胞中Smad4基因,发现Smad4缺陷可导致新生小鼠发生颅内出血和血脑屏障异常。在进一步的研究中,她们证实Smad4是通过在N-cadherin启动子RBP-J结合点上与Notch胞内复合物结合调控N-cadherin的转录从而发挥稳定脑血管内皮细胞与周围细胞之间相互作用的功能。
新发现揭示了Smad4在维持脑血管稳定性上特殊功能,表明TGF-β/Smad信号遗传或功能缺陷与脑血管功能障碍性疾病的发病有着重要的相关性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Developmental Cell doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.01.011
Endothelial Smad4 Maintains Cerebrovascular Integrity by Activating N-Cadherin through Cooperation with Notch
Fangfei Li, Yu Lan, Youliang Wang, Jun Wang, Guan Yang, Fanwei Meng, Hua Han, Anming Meng, Yaping Wang, Xiao Yang
Highlights
Smad4 loss in brain endothelial cells (ECs) causes neonatal intracranial hemorrhage
Endothelial Smad4 stabilizes cerebrovascular EC-pericyte interactions via N-cadherin
TGF-β/BMP and Notch pathways cooperatively upregulate N-cadherin in ECs
Summary
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is strongly associated with neonatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and stroke in adults. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) play important roles in maintaining a stable cerebral circulation in the central nervous system by interacting with pericytes. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling the functions of cerebral ECs are still largely unknown. Here, we report that disruption of Smad4, the central intracellular mediator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, specifically in the cerebral ECs, results in perinatal ICH and blood-brain barrier breakdown. Furthermore, the mutant vessels exhibit defective mural cell coverage. Smad4 stabilizes cerebrovascular EC-pericyte interactions by regulating the transcription of N-cadherin through associating with the Notch intracellular complex at the RBP-J binding site of the N-cadherin promoter. These findings uncover a distinct role of endothelial Smad4 in maintaining cerebrovascular integrity and suggest important implications for genetic or functional deficiencies in TGF-β/Smad signaling in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular dysfunction.