近日,Epidemiology杂志上刊登的一项研究论文证实:当家里常用的燃气灶燃烧煤气时,所释放出来的废气如二氧化氮可能会导致婴儿智力降低。这些大致包括二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳等。
该研究表明:那些经常性地使用燃气灶具做饭的母亲所生的婴儿在一至二岁时智商分数会稍低于那些不怎么用燃气灶具做饭家庭的婴儿。但是这项研究强调假如用在用燃气灶具做饭时上方有排气扇向外排出煤气燃烧产生的废气的话,婴儿的智力分数低的情况会有所改善。
婴儿智商低现阶段可能对社会的影响不是太大,但在以后可能会产生较大的社会公共卫生意义。孕妇太普遍太频繁燃气灶具的话,所生婴儿的智力会稍微下降,将来可能会导致更多低智商孩子出现,而高智商的孩子数量会变得越来越少。
早期一项来自西班牙科学家的研究曾提示我们室内煤气设备会对4岁孩子的神经系统功能造成不良影响。为了探究家庭炊具的使用与婴儿健康之间的关系,该项研究的工作者在2004年至2008年之间,在西班牙四个地区共招募了2,000多名孕妇参与到该项研究中。研究人员仔细询问了志愿者们在怀孕后期阶段在家中使用了哪种类型炊具(是煤气、电力还是其他种类)以及在使用炊具的同时是否也使用了排气扇。
在排除了其他因素如社会经济因素,包括性别、地区、母亲的社会地位、教育、出生的县、住宅类型、婴儿出生时的胎龄。研究者比较了使用煤气炊具的家庭孕妇和未使用煤气炊具的孕妇所生婴儿的心理发育指数(MDI)。心理发育指数(MDI)统计学上等价于年长儿的智商评分。
结果发现与那些没有使用煤气炊具的孕妇所生婴儿相比,孕妇怀孕晚期经常使用煤气炊具的话,婴儿的MDI偏低,要少大约25%。同时研究证实在使用煤气炊具没有使用排气扇的孕妇所生婴儿的MDI低的更多。但研究中并没有排除孕妇家庭生活中会对婴儿智商造成影响的其他污染物这一因素。
总之这项研究证实了煤气炊具的使用会对婴儿智商造成一定影响,要想生出高智商的孩子那么最好还是少用煤气炊具为好。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31823a4023
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Indoor Air Pollution From Gas Cooking and Infant Neurodevelopment
Vrijheid, Martinea,b,c; Martinez, Davida,b,c; Aguilera, Inmaa,b,c; Bustamante, Marionac,d; Ballester, Ferranc,e,f,et al.
Background: Gas cooking is a main source of indoor air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide and particles. Because concerns are emerging for neurodevelopmental effects of air pollutants, we examined the relationship between indoor gas cooking during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment.
Methods: Pregnant mothers were recruited between 2004 and 2008 to a prospective birth cohort study (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) in Spain during the first trimester of pregnancy. Third-trimester questionnaires collected information about the use of gas appliances at home. At age 11 to 22 months, children were assessed for mental development using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Linear regression models examined the association of gas cooking and standardized mental development scores (n=1887 mother–child pairs).
Results: Gas cookers were present in 44% of homes. Gas cooking was related to a small decrease in the mental development score compared with use of other cookers (2.5 points [95% confidence interval=4.0 to 0.9]) independent of social class, maternal education, and other measured potential confounders. This decrease was strongest in children tested after the age of 14 months (3.1 points [5.1 to 1.1]) and when gas cooking was combined with less frequent use of an extractor fan. The negative association with gas cooking was relatively consistent across strata defined by social class, education, and other covariates.
Conclusions: This study suggests a small adverse effect of indoor air pollution from gas cookers on the mental development of young children.