近日,英国《职业与环境医学》(Occupation & Environmental Medicine)杂志刊登的一份最新研究报告说,在孕期长期站立工作,或是工作时间过长,都会对胎儿发育造成负面影响。报告建议孕妇注意劳逸结合。
荷兰研究人员完成的这份报告说,研究人员调查了4000多名从事不同职业的女性在怀孕期间的工作情况,并对她们的孩子在出生时的体重、头部周长等指标进行了测量。分析显示,如果女性在孕期从事需要长期站立的工作,胎儿的头部发育可能会赶不上其他孩子,出生时的头围数值会平均偏低约1厘米。
此外,在孕期工作时间过长也不好。研究显示,那些在孕期工作时间超过每周40小时的女性,与孕期每周工作不到25个小时的女性相比,其孩子出生时的头围也会平均偏低约1厘米,而孩子出生时的体重也会低148克到198克。
不过研究也显示,如果孕期工作时能够注意劳逸结合,经常坐下休息,并且工作时间也不太长,不会对胎儿发育造成不良影响。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100615
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Physically demanding work, fetal growth and the risk of adverse birth outcomes. The Generation R Study
Claudia A Snijder1,2, Teus Brand3, Vincent Jaddoe1,4,5, Albert Hofman1,4, Johan P Mackenbach2, Eric A P Steegers6, Alex Burdorf2
Objectives Work-related risk factors, such as long work hours, and physically demanding work have been suggested to adversely influence pregnancy outcome. The authors aimed to examine associations between various aspects of physically demanding work with fetal growth in different trimesters during pregnancy and the risks of adverse birth outcomes. Methods Associations between physically demanding work and fetal growth were studied in 4680 pregnant women participating in a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards in the Netherlands (2002–2006). Mothers who filled out a questionnaire during mid-pregnancy (response 77% of enrolment) were included if they conducted paid employment and had a spontaneously conceived singleton live born pregnancy. Questions on physical workload were obtained from the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and concerned questions on lifting, long periods of standing or walking, night shifts and working hours. Fetal growth characteristics were repeatedly measured by ultrasound and were used in combination with measurements at birth. Results There were no consistent significant associations between physically demanding work nor working hours in relation to small for gestational age, low birth weight or preterm delivery. Women exposed to long periods of standing had lower growth rates for fetal head circumference (HC), resulting in a reduction of approximately 1?cm (3%) of the average HC at birth. Compared with women working <25?h/week, women working 25–39?h/week and >40?h/week had lower growth rates for both fetal weight and HC, resulting in a difference of approximately 1?cm in HC at birth and a difference of 148–198?g in birth weight. Conclusion Long periods of standing and long working hours per week during pregnancy seem to negatively influence intrauterine growth.