近日,军事医学科学院附属医院(解放军307医院)刘兵课题组和军事医学科学院生物工程研究所杨晓课题组通过合作,发现小鼠胚胎头部是造血干细胞发育的新位点。相关研究成果于11月2日以研究论文形式发表于国际期刊《细胞—干细胞》,论文第一作者为博士生李专和副研究员兰雨。
造血干细胞的胚胎起源是干细胞生物学领域的研究热点。近20年来,主流学术观点认为:胚胎尾侧的主动脉—性腺—中肾区(AGM区)是小鼠胚内唯一产生造血干细胞的区域。尽管有证据提示头侧造血活性的存在,但该假说却一直缺乏系统性研究。
为深入分析胚胎头部的造血活动,课题组成员进行了系统的体内和体外造血活性检测。令人惊喜的是,通过长达一年的移植实验,研究结果显示,小鼠胚胎10.5~11.5天的头部细胞与AGM区细胞相似,能长期、高效重建经致死剂量照射小鼠的整个造血系统。这表明,其具有标准的造血干细胞潜能,早于其在胚胎循环血中的出现。
进一步的形态学分析表明,胚胎脑部血管腔中存在“出芽”的血细胞簇,提示脑血管内皮细胞有生血的活动。继而,通过纯化的内皮细胞功能分析以及可诱导的内皮细胞命运示踪等手段,研究人员确认脑血管内皮细胞具有产生造血细胞的能力。
更重要的是,利用一种独特的脑血管内皮细胞特异性Cre重组酶转基因小鼠,研究人员发现,脑血管内皮细胞不仅可以原位产生造血细胞,还贡献了成体的造血干细胞及各类成熟造血细胞。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.07.004
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Mouse Embryonic Head as a Site for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development
Zhuan Li, Yu Lan, Wenyan He, Dongbo Chen, Jun Wang, Fan Zhou, Yu Wang, Huayan Sun, Xianda Chen, Chunhong Xu, Sha Li, Yakun Pang, Guangzhou Zhang, Liping Yang, Lingling Zhu, Ming Fan, Aijia Shang, Zhenyu Ju, Lingfei Luo, Yuqiang Ding, Wei Guo, Weiping Yuan, Xiao Yang, Bing Liu
In the mouse embryo, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is considered to be the sole location for intraembryonic emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we report that, in parallel to the AGM region, the E10.5–E11.5 mouse head harbors bona fide HSCs, as defined by long-term, high-level, multilineage reconstitution and self-renewal capacity in adult recipients, before HSCs enter the circulation. The presence of hemogenesis in the midgestation head is indicated by the appearance of intravascular cluster cells and the blood-forming capacity of a sorted endothelial cell population. In addition, lineage tracing via an inducible VE-cadherin-Cre transgene demonstrates the hemogenic capacity of head endothelium. Most importantly, a spatially restricted lineage labeling system reveals the physiological contribution of cerebrovascular endothelium to postnatal HSCs and multilineage hematopoiesis. We conclude that the mouse embryonic head is a previously unappreciated site for HSC emergence within the developing embryo.