2012年11月20日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,来自宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院的研究者通过研究揭示了保护精子细胞免受损伤的一类RNA分子,这种RNA分子称为粗线期piwi互作RNA分子或者piRNAs,如果没有这些RNA分子,男性的精细胞发育就会受到抑制,由于其在精细胞发育过程中扮演着重要角色,因此研究者就揭示了其在某些不育男性中所发挥的作用。相关研究成果刊登于国际杂志PLoS Genetics上。
科学家们知道就有800万个不同的piRNA存在,由于其可以形成piwi蛋白质复合物形式而得名,早期研究揭示了piwi-piRNAs可以抑制转座子元件的活性,而转座子元件可以引发基因突变。有大约50种人类疾病是由于转座子元件而引起的,因此抑制转座子元件的功能对于开发机体疾病的疗法至关重要。
这项研究中,研究者通过对雄性小鼠进行研究,对其酶类MOV10L1进行操作,该酶可以和piwi蛋白作用,可以帮助产生piRNA分子。在减数分裂粗线期之前或期间缺少MOV10L1酶可以导致小鼠不育,随后研究者研究了MOV10L1在粗线期扮演的重要角色,MOV10L1的突变体缺少粗线期的piRNAs,但是前粗线期piRNAs的水平却不受影响。
研究者同时发现,在MOV10L1突变体中,piwi蛋白可以随着线粒体而集聚,这也就表明,线粒体可能参与粗线期piRNAs的产生以及组装,而且小鼠个体的精细胞存在严重的DNA损伤。研究表明MOV10L1在粗线期piRNAs形成上扮演着重要角色,而MOV10L1是piRNAs途径主要的调节子,也是piRNAs产生所必须的。这就为研究者理解精细胞的发育乃至男性不育提供了很好的理论支撑,相关研究由NIH等机构提供资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
编译自:Class of RNA Molecules Protects Germ Cells from Damage
doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003038
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PMID:
Blockade of Pachytene piRNA Biogenesis Reveals a Novel Requirement for Maintaining Post-Meiotic Germline Genome Integrity
Ke Zheng, P. Jeremy Wang*
Piwi-interacting RNAs are a diverse class of small non-coding RNAs implicated in the silencing of transposable elements and the safeguarding of genome integrity. In mammals, male germ cells express two genetically and developmentally distinct populations of piRNAs at the pre-pachytene and pachytene stages of meiosis, respectively. Pre-pachytene piRNAs are mostly derived from retrotransposons and required for their silencing. In contrast, pachytene piRNAs originate from ~3,000 genomic clusters, and their biogenesis and function remain enigmatic. Here, we report that conditional inactivation of the putative RNA helicase MOV10L1 in mouse spermatocytes produces a specific loss of pachytene piRNAs, significant accumulation of pachytene piRNA precursor transcripts, and unusual polar conglomeration of Piwi proteins with mitochondria. Pachytene piRNA–deficient spermatocytes progress through meiosis without derepression of LINE1 retrotransposons, but become arrested at the post-meiotic round spermatid stage with massive DNA damage. Our results demonstrate that MOV10L1 acts upstream of Piwi proteins in the primary processing of pachytene piRNAs and suggest that, distinct from pre-pachytene piRNAs, pachytene piRNAs fulfill a unique function in maintaining post-meiotic genome integrity.