肯德基大学的研究人员David Yurek最近获得Michael J. Fox帕金森研究基因(MJFF)资助的66,000美元，他的研究计划名为「帕金森氏症之奈米微粒基因疗法」，他研究一种相当新的基因疗法，用于治疗神经退化性疾病。
他使用新技术将DNA质体浓缩于奈米微粒内，并运送至脑部来抑制或防止神经退化的过程。
这项技术来自一家对于俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的Copernicus Therapeutics公司。Yurek是第一个将此技术应用于中央神经系统疾病的研究人员，他认为这种新基因疗法策略有助于修补有问题的基因。
帕金森氏症是由大脑中产生神经传导物质多巴胺的细胞过量死亡而引起的，而多巴胺是大脑向运动神经传输兴奋的重要物质。帕金森氏症多见于老年人，其症状为患者逐渐失去对自身运动系统的控制，四肢颤抖、肌肉痉挛，严重时可能死亡。目前对于这种疾病还没有什么有效的疗法。
英文原文：
Michael J. Fox Foundation Award Allows Exploration Of New Avenue In Parkinson's Therapy Development
Main Category: Parkinson's Disease News
Article Date: 06 Mar 2007 - 9:00 PDT
University of Kentucky researcher David Yurek was recently awarded $66,000 by The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) under the foundation's Rapid Response Innovation Awards program. The goal of this newly launched initiative is to move quickly to support innovative research focused on the cause of and cure for Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, MJFF seeks to fund high-risk, high-reward projects tackling critical scientific roadblocks that if successful, can open new avenues for PD therapy development.
Yurek's project, titled "Nanoparticle Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease," examines a relatively new gene therapy approach for treating neurodegenerative disorders. He is testing the feasibility of using a novel technology to condense DNA plasmids into nanoparticles and deliver them to the brain as a means to halt or prevent the neurodegenerative process.
The technology comes from Copernicus Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company in Cleveland, Ohio. Yurek, whose laboratory is one of the first to apply this technology to central nervous system disorders, said this relatively new gene therapy strategy holds potential to help repair faulty genes. It entails transduction, a technique for expressing a particular gene in a cell by delivering DNA into the cell and making the cell synthesize the protein that corresponds to that DNA.
"We plan to use this technology to transduce brain cells so that they express proteins beneficial to the cell's survival," Yurek said.
The MJFF award will allow Yurek to test the feasibility of delivering condensed DNA nanoparticles that encode for a neurotrophic factor to the brain as a means to halt or prevent the neurodegenerative process in an animal model of PD. Neurotrophic factors are capable of protecting neurons from dying, thereby rescuing essential neurons in the brain. In animal studies, neurotrophic factors have revived dormant brain cells, caused them to produce dopamine, and prompted dramatic improvement of symptoms.
PD is a chronic, progressive disorder of the central nervous system, and is the direct result of the loss of cells in a section of the brain called the substantia nigra. Those cells produce dopamine, a chemical messenger responsible for transmitting signals within the brain. Loss of dopamine causes critical nerve cells in the brain, or neurons, to fire out of control, leaving patients unable to direct or control their movement in a normal manner.
The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research is dedicated to ensuring the development of a cure for PD within this decade through an aggressively funded research agenda. Enormous progress toward finding a cure has been made on many neurological fronts, and scientists' understanding of the brain and how disease affects it has increased dramatically. The foundation seeks to hasten progress further by awarding grants that help guarantee that new and innovative research avenues are thoroughly funded and explored.
The MJFF Rapid Response Innovation Awards support projects that may have little to no existing preliminary data, but that hold potential to significantly impact understanding or treatment of PD.
"Given the extremely tight budget of federal government research funding, MJFF's work in prioritizing and funding new and innovative projects is extremely valuable," Yurek said.
###
Yurek is a professor in the Division of Neurosurgery at the UK College of Medicine. He leads his laboratory staff in developing techniques designed to generate new dopamine cells that may help people with late-stage PD.
