生物谷报道:神经生物学家们近几年来获得了巨大的技术突破:用于细胞标记的复合了复杂方法的成像技术方面的进步已经可以让科学家们在活体脑细胞中观测细胞和亚细胞事件,这为研究基础神经系统进程打开了一扇窗,而复合了高通量方法的新颖遗传工具则为进一步了解构成神经环路的各种成份提供了帮助,除此之外,近几年在脑活性操作研究方面也提出了一些新方法,也带来了新的研究进展,最新一期的《Nature》杂志中就得到了这一新技术——证明了光敏感蛋白可以用于精确激活和定时沉默神经元研究。
同时在本期的 Nature 杂志上,网络焦点(Web Focus)以“Technical breakthroughs in neuroscience”为题,也进行了这方面内容的详述。其中包括video,podcast,以及目前和之前的一些研究进展。
目前的研究:
ARTICLEMultimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry Free access
Feng Zhang et al.
Nature 446, 633 (5 April 2007) doi:10.1038/nature05744
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
复杂的神经工程技术使得人们有可能对活的脑回路进行成像和控制。这一领域的最新进展涉及将一种来自古细菌Natronomonas pharaonis的光激发的氯化物泵转染(transfection)进小鼠海马体神经元中,从而能够在毫秒时间尺度上对神经活动进行抑制。这种方法可以补充通过一个可以光激发的藻通道来激发神经元的一种现有工具。这两个通道对不同波长的光产生响应,允许对同一回路中的神经活动进行快速双向控制。在完好的动物身上也是这样,因为具有这两个通道的转基因蛔虫C. elegans的运动受光的影响。该体系可以通过遗传学方法定位于特定类型的神经元,因而便出现了这样一种可能性:它有可能导致神经疾病的光学治疗
之前的研究:
神经元光学激发(OPTICAL STIMULATION)
技术报告
Anticonvulsant and anesthetic effects of a fluorescent neurosteroid analog activated by visible light
Lawrence N. Eisenman et al.
Nat. Neurosci. 10, 523 - 530 (25 February 2007) doi:10.1038/nn1862
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity
Edward S. Boyden, Feng Zhang, Ernst Bamberg, Georg Nagel and Karl Deisseroth
Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1263-1268 (8 September 2005) doi:10.1038/nn1525
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Light-activated ion channels for remote control of neuronal firing
Matthew Banghart, Katharine Borges, Ehud Isacoff, Dirk Trauner and Richard H. Kramer
Nat. Neurosci. 7, 1381-1386 (7 December 2004) doi:10.1038/nn1356
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
观点透视
Channelrhodopsin-2 and optical control of excitable cells
Feng Zhang, Li-Ping Wang, Edward S. Boyden and Karl Deisseroth
Nat. Methods 3, 785-792 (3 October 2006) doi:10.1038/nmeth936
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Photochemical tools for remote control of ion channels in excitable cells
Richard H. Kramer, James J. Chambers and Dirk Trauner
Nat. Chem. Biol. 1, 360-365 (1 December 2005) doi:10.1038/nchembio750
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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微环路(MICROCIRCUITRY)
研究文章
Targeting neural circuitry in zebrafish using GAL4 enhancer trapping
Ethan K. Scott et al.
Nat. Methods 4 323-326 (18 March 2007) doi:10.1038/nmeth1033
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell type and connectivity
Yumiko Yoshimura and Edward M. Callaway
Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1552-1559 (8 November 2005) doi:10.1038/nn1565
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
Heterogeneity in the pyramidal network of the medial prefrontal cortex
Yun Wang et al.
Nat. Neurosci. 9, 534-542 (9 April 2005) doi:10.1038/nn1670
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
基因特征&功能分析
技术报告
FACS-array profiling of striatal projection neuron subtypes in juvenile and adult mouse brains
Mary Kay Lobo, Stanislav L. Karsten, Michelle Gray, Daniel H. Geschwind and X William Yang
Nat. Neurosci. 9, 443-452 (9 March 2006) doi:10.1038/nn1654
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
研究文章
Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain
Ed S. Lein et al.
Nature 445, 168-176 (24 January 2007) doi:10.1038/nature05453
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain
Ken Sugino et al.
Nat. Neurosci. 9, 99-107 (9 January 2006) doi:10.1038/nn1618
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary Information
Systematic analysis of genes required for synapse structure and function
Derek Sieburth et al.
Nat