生物谷报道:美国研究人员发现有偏头痛史的女性与没有这一问题的女性相比,在年龄增加的过程中,更少认知能力衰退。该发现发表于4月24日的《神经病学》。
“这完全是个惊喜,”该研究论文的作者、国立精神卫生研究院的研究人员Amanda Kalaydjian说,“我们发现有偏头痛的人,特别是预兆偏头痛患者――这与我们的直觉更加矛盾――随着年月的增长根本就没有记忆衰退。”其它专家对于这一发现也感到同样的惊奇。“这一风险因素看起来是有保护作用的,这让我很吃惊,”Montefiore头痛中心主任Richard Lipton博士说,“但是这是我们得到的有关偏头痛的最好的纵向研究数据,所以我的态度是乐观而审慎的。”
偏头痛是特别严重的一种头痛,经常发生于头部某一侧,可以伴有视觉混乱(预兆之一)、对光敏感、恶心和呕吐。偏头痛发作可持续数小时甚至数天。这种头痛产生的原因仍然不清楚,虽然饮食因素如红酒等可能在某些人身上会有某些作用。费城的研究人员甚至在探讨一种常见的心脏缺陷会否在偏头痛中起作用。
迄今为止,关于偏头痛与认知功能的关系一直混乱不清。一些研究发现两者无关,而另一些则认为偏头痛(偏头痛患者)在涉及注意力、语言能力和记忆力的任务中表现得差些。“一些(以往的研究)显示偏头痛患者存在某些缺陷,另一些则没有。但是这些以往的研究都存在大量的问题,因为它们规模都很小,而且是基于临床的,”Kalaydjian说,“这就难于得出一般结论了。”她补充到,事实上,没有一项研究对病人进行长期观察。
本项研究涉及1448名女性,其中204名患有偏头痛。所有女性都在1993年开始时及大约12年后进行了一系列的认知测试。所有受到影响的女性都有一段很长的偏头痛病史。Kalaydjian解释到:“我们的想法是,可能,随着年月的增长,偏头痛可能对大脑产生某些微妙的影响。”科学家们已经在推测,偏头痛可能对大脑有着累积损伤效应。然而,该研究没有显示出这一点。偏头痛患者在研究开始时的认知测试(如回忆单词)确实较差,但是在整个研究中,他们的表现与无偏头痛的女性相比,少衰退了17%。研究人员指出,大于50岁的偏头痛女性的认知衰退最少。
为什么出现这样的差异仍然不清楚,但是Kalaydjian说,偏头痛患者的某些药物或者生活方式可能值得探讨。“偏头痛患者通常会远离酒精,因此我们可以认为这些人会少喝酒、多睡眠,因为睡眠不足会导致头痛,”她说,“他们可能摄入更多的维生素和营养元素,因为他们更关注自身健康。”也有一些研究提示非阿司匹林、非类固醇抗炎药物类止痛药可能改进认知能力。Kalaydjian说“偏头痛患者通常会自己用药。”
然而,下一步是,试着重复这一发现。“仅仅一项研究是不够的,但是它的确为将来的研究打下了基础,”Kalaydjian说,“它将我们带到了一个位置,我们要更深入的做些事情,可能患有这种痛楚真的有某种好处。”
原始出处:
Neurology, April 24 2007, Volume 68, Issue 17
How migraines impact cognitive function
Findings from the Baltimore ECA
A. Kalaydjian, PhD, P. P. Zandi, PhD, K. L. Swartz, MD, W. W. Eaton, PhD and C. Lyketsos, MD
From the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health (A.K., P.P.Z., W.W.E.), and the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (K.L.S., C.L.), Baltimore, MD.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Amanda Kalaydjian, Section on Developmental Genetic Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Drive, 1A-108, Bethesda, MD 20892 akalaydj@jhsph.edu
Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between migraine headaches and cognitive functioning.
Methods: The data were from Waves III (1993 through 1996) and IV (2004 through 2005) of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Migraine headaches were diagnosed according to modified criteria of the International Headache Society. Scores on the immediate and delayed recall tests and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared for migraineurs (n = 204) vs nonmigraineurs (n = 1,244). The longitudinal association between migraine and cognitive changes was assessed by generalized estimating equations.
Results: Migraineurs scored lower on tests of immediate and delayed memory at baseline, but declined by less over time than nonmigraineurs. These associations were specific to migraineurs with aura, who declined by 1.26 (p < 0.01) and 1.47 (p < 0.01) words less on the immediate and delayed recall tests over the 12 years of follow-up. The effects of migraine, specifically with aura, on the MMSE were restricted to those older than 50 years. Among those younger than 50 years, migraineurs with aura declined at the same rate on the MMSE as nonmigraineurs. However, among those older than 50 years, migraineurs with aura declined by 0.99 points (p < 0.01) less over the follow-up.
Conclusions: Migraineurs, specifically those with aura, exhibited less decline on cognitive tests over time vs nonmigraineurs. For the Mini-Mental State Examination, these effects were only apparent among those who were older than 50 years.