耶鲁大学医学院的研究人员的一项新研究显示,他们使大脑中的一种运动相关基因充当了强大的抗抑郁剂。这一发现可能提供了一种新的抗抑郁药物靶标。这些结果是通过对小鼠进行研究获得的,相关文章发表在新一期的《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)上。
负责这项研究的Ronald Duman教授表示,VGF训练相关基因和药物研发靶标将比化学抗抑郁剂更好,因为它已经存在于大脑中了。
据调查,在美国有16%的人口受到抑郁症的影响,并且每年与此相关的花费高达830亿美元。现有的抗抑郁症药物能够帮助其中65%的患者,并且需要用药数周至数月的时间。
Duman指出,已经知道运动能够改善大脑功能和心理健康,并且在发生大脑损伤或脑病时能够对大脑起到保护作用,但是对大脑中的这种作用是如何发生的却知之甚少。他表示,由于现有药物需要服用的时间太长,因此研究一些神经元的适应性或可塑性是必要的。
他和他的研究组设计出了一种特制的芯片来分析基因表达中的细小变化,尤其是大脑的海马体区域中的变化。而海马体则对压力激素、抑郁和抗抑郁剂高度敏感。
接着,他们比较了久坐(极少运动)小鼠的大脑活动和运动多的小鼠进行比较。研究人员观察到,踩轮子的小鼠每晚相当于走六英里的距离。四个独立的芯片分析实验确定出33个海马体运动调节基因,其中27个基因是新鉴定出的基因。
其中,VGF基因通过运动提升得最为明显。而且,VGF的功能就好比一种强大的抗抑郁剂,而抑制VGF就会抵销运动的效果,并且诱导出小鼠的类抑郁症行为。
原始出处:
Nature Medicine
Published online: 2 December 2007 | doi:10.1038/nm1669
Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF
Joshua G Hunsberger1, Samuel S Newton1, Alicia H Bennett1, Catharine H Duman1, David S Russell1, Stephen R Salton2 & Ronald S Duman1
Abstract
Exercise has many health benefits, including antidepressant actions in depressed human subjects, but the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. We used a custom microarray to identify a previously undescribed profile of exercise-regulated genes in the mouse hippocampus, a brain region implicated in mood and antidepressant response. Pathway analysis of the regulated genes shows that exercise upregulates a neurotrophic factor signaling cascade that has been implicated in the actions of antidepressants. One of the most highly regulated target genes of exercise and of the growth factor pathway is the gene encoding the VGF nerve growth factor, a peptide precursor previously shown to influence synaptic plasticity and metabolism. We show that administration of a synthetic VGF-derived peptide produces a robust antidepressant response in mice and, conversely, that mutation of VGF in mice produces the opposite effects. The results suggest a new role for VGF and identify VGF signaling as a potential therapeutic target for antidepressant drug development.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06508 USA.
Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Correspondence to: Ronald S Duman1 e-mail: ronald.duman@yale.edu