生物谷报道:来自西北大学芬堡医学院(Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,生物谷注)神经学系,乔治亚医学院(Medical College of Georgia),以及北京大学生命科学学院的研究人员解开了神经突起诱向因子Netrin的信号通量中的一个关键机制,为进一步研究轴突导向活动,以及细胞迁移提供了重要资料。这一研究成果公布在Nature Neuroscience杂志在线版上。
文章的通讯作者是饶毅教授和吴瑛教授,前者是美国西北大学神经科教授兼中国北京生命科学研究所资深研究员,后者是美国西北大学神经科学系教授,知名的华人女科学家(具体简介见后)。
细胞迁移(cell migration)是炎症反应(inflammatory response)的必要组成部分,同时为防止细胞渗透到健康组织中,对白细胞运输(leukocyte trafficking)过程进行合适的调控。Netrins是与层粘连蛋白相关的、高度保守的小分子分泌蛋白家族成员,在细胞迁移和轴突导向活动中具有重要的作用,其同源物在多种模式动物中均已发现。Netrins分为2个亚家族:netrins和netrin-Gs,其中的netrin-G亚家族各成员之间具有高度的相似性。
在Netrin行使功能,进行信号传导的过程中需要小GTP酶(GTPase,生物谷注):Rac1,然而目前在这一领域中,Rac1如何在netrin途径中受到调控仍然是一个谜。
在这篇文章中,饶毅等人为解开这一谜团,将目光聚焦到了一种称为DOCK180的蛋白身上,DOCK180蛋白可诱导细胞向正确方向迁移,是一个引导性Rho GTPases核苷交换因子(nucleotide exchange factors),在2005年的一篇文章中,研究人员发现DOCK180蛋白有可能用于研制阻止肿瘤转移的药物和治疗关节炎和哮喘等免疫紊乱性疾病。
经过一系列的实验,研究人员将这种蛋白与netrin信号传导联系了起来,发现了两者关联的证据。他们的实验表明Netrin能促进一种包含有DOCK180蛋白和netrin受体(在结肠癌DCC中缺失)的蛋白-蛋白相互作用复合物的形成,同时抑制DOCK180蛋白会减少Rac1的活性——通过netrin作用。
研究人员还发现在脊椎动物神经元中,DOCK180蛋白被敲除之后,netrin诱导的轴突生长和轴突导向(attraction)都会受到影响,因此DOCK180在体内扮演的角色就可以通过在神经管(neural tube)中其需要commissural轴突的突出得以证明。
这些研究证明netrin刺激在DCC中使DOCK180增多,从而激活了小GTP酶,说明了DOCK180在介导神经元对netrin-1的导向应答(attractive responses)中的重要作用。
原始出处:
Nature Neuroscience
Published online: 9 December 2007 | doi:10.1038/nn2022
Netrin signal transduction and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK180 in attractive signaling
Xiaoling Li1,5, Xue Gao1,5, Guofa Liu1,5, Wencheng Xiong2, Jane Wu1,3 & Yi Rao1,4
Abstract
Netrins are prototypical axon guidance cues whose attractive signaling requires the small GTPase Rac1. It remains unclear how Rac1 is regulated in the netrin pathway. DOCK180 is a member of a new family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases. Here we provide evidence implicating DOCK180 in netrin signal transduction. Netrin promoted the formation of a protein-protein interaction complex that included DOCK180 and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC). Inhibition of DOCK180 reduced activation of Rac1 by netrin. Both axon outgrowth and axon attraction induced by netrin were inhibited after DOCK180 knockdown in vertebrate neurons. The in vivo functional role of DOCK180 was demonstrated by its requirement for projection of commissural axons in the neural tube. These findings indicate that netrin stimulation recruits DOCK180 through DCC, which then activates small GTPases, suggesting an essential role for DOCK180 in mediating attractive responses by neurons to netrin-1.
Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Program of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Neurology, 1120 15th Street, CA 4010, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Avenue, Lurie 6–117, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
School of Life Sciences, Beijing University, Beijing 100871, China.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Jane Wu1,3 e-mail: jane-wu@northwestern.edu
Correspondence to: Yi Rao1,4 e-mail: y-rao@northwestern.edu