一个由法国原子能委员会和法国卫生和健康研究院的科研人员组成的研究小组发现,人类对于数字概念的认知自出生后3个月起就开始初步形成,该项研究成果刊登在最近出版的《科学公共图书馆·生物学》(PLoS Biology)上。
20多年来,科学界一般都认为,一个人对于数字的最初意识开始于婴儿期的5到6个月,这个时期婴儿的举动和反映显示他们已经对数字有了最初的意识。而对于数学概念的认识,根据美国哈佛大学的一项研究表明,一个人通常要到5岁到6岁、或是更晚在10岁到12岁才开始真正理解数学概念。
此次法国研究人员在法国原子能委员会下属的NEUROSPIN实验室,利用该实验室电磁场影像技术来解析大脑感觉和认知过程中神经元图像这一领域的技术优势和丰富经验,通过电子脑造影技术来观察和测量婴儿大脑对外界事物及数字变化的反应。根据以往的研究显示,在人类的大脑中有着对数字和算术特别敏感的神经元。研究显示,对于3个月的婴儿而言,他们虽然没有像成人或儿童那样的对数字的认知能力和意识,但是通过对婴儿的脑电造影成像显示,当他们面前的物体出现数字性变化,如1个变成2个时,婴儿大脑中的神经元会有异常反应,这也就表明,这个时期的婴儿已经对数字有了最初的认知。
该项研究成果对于人类更好地了解大脑的功能和运作,特别是神经元的运作规律,从而进一步开发大脑有着重要意义。(来源:科技日报 毛文波)
(《科学公共图书馆·生物学》(PLoS Biology),doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060011,Véronique Izard, Stanislas Dehaene)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PLoS Biology,doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060011,Véronique Izard, Stanislas Dehaene
Distinct Cerebral Pathways for Object Identity and Number in Human Infants
Véronique Izard1,2,3,4*, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz1,2,3,5, Stanislas Dehaene1,2,3,6
1 INSERM, U562, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, 2 CEA, DSV/I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette, France, 3 Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, 4 Laboratory for Developmental Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 5 AP-HP, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Kremlin Bicêtre, France, 6 Collège de France, Paris, France
All humans, regardless of their culture and education, possess an intuitive understanding of number. Behavioural evidence suggests that numerical competence may be present early on in infancy. Here, we present brain-imaging evidence for distinct cerebral coding of number and object identity in 3-mo-old infants. We compared the visual event-related potentials evoked by unforeseen changes either in the identity of objects forming a set, or in the cardinal of this set. In adults and 4-y-old children, number sense relies on a dorsal system of bilateral intraparietal areas, different from the ventral occipitotemporal system sensitive to object identity. Scalp voltage topographies and cortical source modelling revealed a similar distinction in 3-mo-olds, with changes in object identity activating ventral temporal areas, whereas changes in number involved an additional right parietoprefrontal network. These results underscore the developmental continuity of number sense by pointing to early functional biases in brain organization that may channel subsequent learning to restricted brain areas.
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