生物谷报道:我国科研人员在《神经科学通讯》(Neuroscience Letters)发表论文,揭示痛觉的产生是由一定空间和时间上神经网络的活动模式来表现的。
大量研究表明,痛觉的产生涉及丘脑、大脑皮层以及边缘系统在内广泛的神经网络的激活。但是在痛觉信息加工过程中,神经网络活动的时间特性并不清楚。研究人员利用多通道同步记录电生理技术记录了清醒大鼠脑内多个部位神经元的放电活动,包括初级躯体感觉皮层(SI)、前扣带皮层(ACC)、丘脑束旁核(Pf)和丘脑腹后外侧核(VP)。通过在大鼠足底皮肤施加短暂的伤害性和非伤害性电刺激引起上述神经核团的放电。通过比较神经元对刺激产生的伤害性和非伤害性反应的差异以神经元反应百分比的差异,在秒水平和毫秒水平两种时间尺度上改变计算窗口的大小来分析神经元群对痛与非痛两种刺激的分辨反应。研究者还使用判别分析方法来寻找与不同感觉刺激相关的神经元群活动的不同模式,进而估计某一特定脑区的神经元群区分痛与非痛刺激的能力。
研究结果表明,神经元群分辨两种刺激的能力随着分析窗口的大小和位置的变化而改变,即负载最多分辨信息的脉冲序列可能出现在刺激后的特定时间范围内。因此,神经元群的最大反应只能用特定的窗宽和在某一特定的刺激后时间上得到。此外,神经元群的分辨反应是随时间动态变化的,表明痛觉信息的编码是不连续的。进一步的分析表明,中枢对痛觉信息的编码时程并不依赖于原始的短暂刺激(几十毫秒),而是可以在丘脑-皮层环路中保持相对较长的时间(3-4秒)。通过分析毫秒级水平的移动窗口数据,研究者发现在各个记录脑区存在许多集中的“分辨点”(负载信息的特定长度的神经元群所发放的脉冲序列),能够很好的区分痛觉信息和非痛觉信息,这些“分辨点”随时间的变化在刺激后离散地分布着;并且,大脑神经元区分痛与非痛信息的最小脉冲序列长度为40毫秒。
在自然界中,在时间上精确分辨自然刺激对于物种的生存和繁衍是至关重要的。显然,在刺激后早期阶段将痛觉信息从各种触觉信息中区分出来具有重要的生理学意义,它促使我们及时逃避伤害,从而有效地保护机体。该研究成果发表于爱思唯尔期刊《神经科学通讯》(Neuroscience Letters)上。
生物谷推荐原始出处:
(Neuroscience Letters),Volume 435, Issue 2, 18 April 2008, Pages 163-168,Jin-Yan Wang,Fei Luo)
Temporal strategy for discriminating noxious from non-noxious electrical stimuli by cortical and thalamic neural ensembles in rats
Jin-Yan Wanga, Jing-Yu Changb, Donald J. Woodwardb and Fei Luoa, ,
aKey Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
bNeuroscience Research Institute of North Carolina, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Received 30 July 2007; revised 5 February 2008; accepted 7 February 2008. Available online 20 February 2008.
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports that pain is encoded in a large, widespread network that consists of the thalamus, cortex, as well as limbic system. However, the temporal properties of the neural matrix in pain processing were largely unknown. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded thalamic and cortical neuronal discharges elicited by brief noxious or innocuous electrical stimulus in awake rats. The discrimination performance of the neural ensembles in differentiating noxious from innocuous inputs was calculated using different window sizes at the millisecond and second level, respectively. The results demonstrated that coding information emerged in a quantum-like manner; the minimum spike-train length for discriminating noxious from innocuous inputs was 40 ms. The nociceptive coding activity was temporally dynamic, and could be preserved for a relatively long time (3–4 s) within the thalamocortical loops, independent of the initial brief stimuli. These results suggest that the nociceptive signals may be reverberatory within the thalamocortical loops, hence keeping the neurosignature for central pain representation.