在演讲过程中,人们会自然而然地在合适的地方加以停顿,以取得更好的演讲效果。日本科学家发现,之所以有这样无意识的短暂停顿,是因为大脑的神经细胞能够像沙漏一样计算时间。
据共同社报道,玉川大学教授丹治顺等人以日本猕猴为研究对象,训练猕猴分别在黄灯亮2秒钟、红灯亮4秒钟或绿灯亮8秒钟后操作控制杆,并同时监控从灯亮到操作控制杆这段时间内,猕猴大脑额叶辅助运动区中每一个神经细胞的活动情况。
经过以不断变化颜色和时间的组合方式多次实验,研究人员发现,猕猴大脑额叶辅助运动区有3种神经细胞与2秒的间隔控制相关:第一种是判别细胞,这种细胞无论何种颜色和时间组合都是针对表示2秒的颜色作出反应;第二种是像沙漏一样计算时间的细胞,这种细胞的电信号强度以2秒为间隔发生变化;第三种细胞在规定时间过去后,促使肢体发出操作控制杆的动作。对4秒或8秒时间间隔,大脑也有类似的3种神经细胞存在。
研究人员说,实验表明,大脑是根据电信号的变化来描述时间这样的抽象概念。如果经常练习演讲的停顿方法,那么久而久之神经细胞就能帮助你“熟能生巧地”在该停顿的地方停顿。
这一成果已登载在最新一期英国《自然·神经科学》杂志网络版上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Neuroscience 1 March 2009 | doi:10.1038/nn.2272
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas
Akihisa Mita1, Hajime Mushiake1, Keisetsu Shima1, Yoshiya Matsuzaka1 & Jun Tanji1,2
Abstract
Interval timing is an essential guiding force of behavior. Previous reports have implicated the prefrontal and parietal cortex as being involved in time perception and in temporal decision making. We found that neurons in the medial motor areas, in particular the presupplementary motor area, participate in interval timing in the range of seconds. Monkeys were trained to perform an interval-generation task that required them to determine waiting periods of three different durations. Neuronal activity contributed to the process of retrieving time instructions from visual cues, signaled the initiation of action in a time-selective manner, and developed activity to represent the passage of time. These results specify how medial motor areas take part in initiating actions on the basis of self-generated time estimates.
1 Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
2 Brain Research Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.