β-arrestins是一个蛋白质家族,对于调节讯息传导扮演很重要的角色,在哺乳动物细胞中,β-Arrestins在神经系统和淋巴系统中分布最多,呈现出广泛表达的特征。它们主要作为G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)信号的负调节因子,在受体脱敏、受体内吞、蛋白酶体途径降解、细胞凋亡以及多种细胞信号转导中起着重要的作用。
但是在大脑生理学方面,β-arrestins研究的比较少,许多相关的功能都还属于空白区域,在复旦大学马兰教授领导的研究小组发表的最新文章中,研究人员发现β-arrestins蛋白家族β-arrestins-2在形成大脑恐怖记忆,以及杏仁核突触可塑性方面扮演了重要的角色,这对于进一步了解β-arrestins功能,以及大脑恐怖记忆研究具有重要的意义。
β-arrestin-2与β-arrestin-1一样,广泛存在于各种细胞中,调节绝大多数G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)的活性。研究显示,大脑在应对恐怖信息的时候,β-arrestin-2能转移至杏仁核细胞膜,与PDE-4——一种cAMP降解酶相互作用,抑制PKA活性。
通过进一步的实验,研究人员还发现Arrb2-/-小鼠的侧杏仁核突触会条件型恐怖记忆和长时程记忆增选受损,而且这种突变型不能结合PDE-4,恢复基础PKA活性,以及保全条件型恐怖记忆。
总而言之,这些数据表明β-arrestin-2和PDE-4复合物能激活杏仁核PKA活性,这一反馈调控对于条件型恐怖记忆的形成具有重要意义。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Nature:恐怖记忆可通过重演消除
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS December 2, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906941106
Regulation of amygdalar PKA by β-arrestin-2/phosphodiesterase-4 complex is critical for fear conditioning
Yuting Lia,b,1, Haohong Lia,1, Xing Liua,1, Guobin Baoa, Yezheng Taoa, Ziyan Wua, Peng Xiaa, Chunfu Wub, Baoming Lia and Lan Maa,2
aThe State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; and
bDepartment of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
β-arrestins, key regulators of receptor signaling, are highly expressed in the central nervous system, but their roles in brain physiology are largely unknown. Here we show that β-arrestin-2 is critically involved in the formation of associative fear memory and amygdalar synaptic plasticity. In response to fear conditioning, β-arrestin-2 translocates to amygdalar membrane where it interacts with PDE-4, a cAMP-degrading enzyme, to inhibit PKA activation. Arrb2?/? mice exhibit impaired conditioned fear memory and long-term potentiation at the lateral amygdalar synapses. Moreover, expression of the β-arrestin-2 in the lateral amygdala of Arrb2-/- mice, but not its mutant form that is incapable of binding PDE-4, restores basal PKA activity and rescues conditioned fear memory. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the feedback regulation of amygdalar PKA activation by β-arrestin-2 and PDE-4 complex is critical for the formation of conditioned fear memory.