洛克菲勒大学的科学家已经识别出一种叫Norbin的蛋白。该蛋白能够增强大脑中某一参与大脑细胞信号传递的受体的信号强度,或能成为精神分裂症或帕金森氏症新的治疗靶标。Norbin蛋白能直接作用于神经递质素谷氨酸(glutamate)的一种受体,其中谷氨酸是脑细胞间传递信息所必需的,其在学习和记忆过程中承担了重要的作用。
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与Norbin关联的一种受体是mGluR5,它是一种嵌入在细胞质膜上,能应答配体小分子的蛋白质。当mGluR5绑定到配体时,会通过形状改变产生应答,这最终导致细胞内信号的初始化,其中我们最常见的就是G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)。
"调控GPCR功能的蛋白质和受体是同样重要的,因为它是一种新的治疗靶标。"研究人员Marc Flajolet介绍说。
研究人员发现了一些能与mGluR5进行物理互作的蛋白,其中包括Norbin。在培养的神经元中,他们将Norbin和mGluR5进行配对,发现Norbin不仅仅激活了mGluR5的活性,而且增加了神经元表面mGluR5的数量。
在成年小鼠大脑中,研究人员观察了Norbin蛋白对mGluR5的影响,结果表明,Norbin在海马体,扁桃腺,隔膜和伏隔阂中的表现与那些mGluR5普遍分布的地方相似。
接下来研究人员通过遗传学手段设计了一种选择性敲除的老鼠,该老鼠在出生后不能产生Norbin。实验表明,这些老鼠缺乏突触可塑性,且行为表现与那些精神分裂的啮齿动物模型相似。比如,Norbin敲除的老鼠会和正常老鼠一样会被很大的噪声所惊吓,但是如果随后再置于噪声环境下则不能抑制惊吓反应。
Flajolet表示,"未来我们的工作是证明GPCR调控蛋白的重要性,我们现在正在研究Norbin影响mGluR5的机制,并寻找能够修饰Norbin功能的调控通路。"(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1178496
Norbin Is an Endogenous Regulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling
Hong Wang,1 Linda Westin,2 Yi Nong,1 Shari Birnbaum,3 Jacob Bendor,1 Hjalmar Brismar,2,4 Eric Nestler,5 Anita Aperia,2 Marc Flajolet,1,* Paul Greengard1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is highly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). It is involved in multiple physiological functions and is a target for treatment of various CNS disorders, including schizophrenia. We report that Norbin, a neuron-specific protein, physically interacts with mGluR5 in vivo, increases the cell surface localization of the receptor, and positively regulates mGluR5 signaling. Genetic deletion of Norbin attenuates mGluR5-dependent stable changes in synaptic function measured as long-term depression or long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. As with mGluR5 knockout mice or mice treated with mGluR5-selective antagonists, Norbin knockout mice showed a behavioral phenotype associated with a rodent model of schizophrenia, as indexed by alterations both in sensorimotor gating and psychotomimetic-induced locomotor activity.
1 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
2 Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q2:09, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
4 Department of Applied Physics, Cell Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
5 Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.