近日中科院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所的研究人员在新研究中揭示了亮氨酸缺乏时中枢神经系统调节外周脂质代谢的机制,相关研究论文在线发表在国际内分泌领域著名期刊《分子内分泌学》(Molecular Endocrinology)上。
领导这一研究的是营养研究所的郭非凡研究员,其2001年获得日本东京大学神经生化学博士,之后在美国从事博士后研究工作,2007年被聘为中国科学院上海生命科学研究院营养科学研究所研究员,入选百人计划。该项工作得到科技部973计划、自然科学基金委、上海市科委以及中科院等科研基金的支持。
中枢神经系统的营养感应信号通路与外周组织的代谢分子调控网络关系密切,其功能紊乱是促发代谢性疾病的重要原因。中枢神经系统,特别是下丘脑,在营养素感应和调控代谢过程中扮演重要角色。下丘脑兼有神经和内分泌系统的双重功能,能够直接感受机体的营养状态,通过营养感应信号通路激活对外周组织的代谢调控。目前,氨基酸的中枢营养感应及其对外周代谢调控尚无详细报道。
亮氨酸是机体的必需氨基酸之一,也是重要的代谢调节因子。该研究组前期研究表明:亮氨酸缺乏能够引起机体外周组织的广泛代谢变化,包括肝脏脂肪酸合成抑制、胰岛素敏感性增强、腹部脂肪快速丢失以及褐色脂肪组织产热增加等;研究还发现亮氨酸缺乏能够引起下丘脑内多个信号通路发生变化,提示下丘脑能够感应亮氨酸缺乏这一营养状态,并经过系列信号整合后进一步调控外周脂质代谢,但具体机制不清。
在本研究中,郭非凡研究组的博士生成瀛和张倩等人发现,用亮氨酸缺乏饲料喂养的小鼠经侧脑室注射亮氨酸后,能够很快恢复下丘脑内的亮氨酸水平;并能够阻止亮氨酸缺乏导致的白色脂肪丢失和褐色脂肪产热增加的表型变化。研究表明,中枢注射亮氨酸能够改变白色脂肪组织激素敏感脂肪酶(hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL)的磷酸化水平和褐色脂肪组织解耦联蛋白1 (uncoupling protein 1, UCP1)的表达水平。进一步的机制研究发现,亮氨酸缺乏导致下丘脑中室旁核中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 (corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH)表达增加,进而激活交感神经系统,一方面促进其支配的白色脂肪组织内脂增加,表现为HSL磷酸化水平增加;另一方面,促进其支配的褐色脂肪组织内能量消耗增加,表现为UCP1表达升高;两者共同作用引起腹部脂肪快速丢失。在体外实验中通过使用各种特异性抑制剂,发现亮氨酸缺乏激活下丘脑神经元的Gs/cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路,CREB直接作用于CRH的启动子区域而调节CRH的表达。
该项研究首次阐明下丘脑CRH受亮氨酸水平调控,并且是亮氨酸缺乏引起外周脂质和能量代谢变化的核心调节因子。该研究成果为进一步研究中枢感应氨基酸及调控外周脂质代谢奠定了坚实基础,丰富了人们对中枢神经系统调控外周代谢的认识,有助于加深人们对肥胖及相关过代谢性疾病发生机制的理解。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1202529
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Leucine Deprivation Stimulates Fat Loss via Increasing CRH Expression in The Hypothalamus and Activating The Sympathetic Nervous System
Ying Cheng, Qian Zhang, Qingshu Meng, Tingting Xia, Zhiying Huang, Chunxia Wang, Bin Liu, Shanghai Chen, Fei Xiao, Ying Du and Feifan Guo
We previously showed that leucine deprivation decreases abdominal fat mass largely by increasing energy expenditure, as demonstrated by increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The goal of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of central nervous system (CNS) in this regulation and elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, levels of genes and proteins related to lipolysis in WAT and UCP1 expression in BAT were analyzed in wild-type mice after intracerebroventricular administration of leucine or corticotrophin-releasing hormone antibodies, or in mice deleted for three β-adrenergic receptors, after being maintained on a leucine-deficient diet for 7 d. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of leucine significantly attenuates abdominal fat loss and blocks activation of hormone sensitive lipase in WAT and induction of UCP1 in BAT in leucine-deprived mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that leucine deprivation stimulates fat loss by increasing expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus via activation of stimulatory G protein/cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. Finally, we show that the effect of leucine deprivation on fat loss is mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. These results suggest that CNS plays an important role in regulating fat loss under leucine deprivation and thereby provide novel and important insights concerning the importance of CNS leucine in the regulation of energy homeostasis.