芬兰研究人员发现，孕期母亲吸烟可能影响孩子发育，增加孩子成长过程中使用精神类药物的可能性。
主持这项研究的芬兰图尔库大学医院小儿科医生米卡尔·埃克布拉德说：“研究显示，母亲孕期吸烟可能增加孩子在成长过程中出现轻度乃至重度精神类疾病的风险。”
艾克布拉德及其研究小组调用1987年至1989年在芬兰出生的175万名婴儿的数据，参照医疗保险范围内1994年至2007年这些孩子所用处方药的记录，以孩子的母亲孕期是否吸烟分组，作比对研究。
这项研究剔除早产儿及分娩体重偏轻的婴儿，以提高分析结果的准确度。
平均而言，每11名孩子中1人接受过一种或多种精神类药物治疗。这些药物包括抗紧张类药物、安定类药物、抗抑郁类药物、兴奋类药物和麻醉类药物。
比对结果则显示，孕期不吸烟母亲的孩子中8%使用上述药物；母亲孕期吸烟量少于每天10支，孩子用药比例升至11%；母亲吸烟量超过每天10支，孩子用药物比例为14%。
研究报告由最新一期《美国流行病学期刊》（American Journal of Epidemiology）发表。报告说，现阶段无法确定孕妇吸烟如何影响婴儿或儿童大脑发育，可能的作用机理包括尼古丁影响大脑发育以及吸烟减少胎儿的氧气吸入量。
美国纽约大学医学中心学者迈克尔·韦茨曼同样研究吸烟与婴儿精神健康课题，只是没有参与芬兰项目。他29日告诉路透社记者，芬兰同行的研究结果“与大量业已验证以及还在不断增加的研究结论完全一致。”
不过，韦茨曼认为，芬兰同行的研究有局限，没有把孕妇是否使用过精神类药物、是否饮酒以及是否滥用药物甚至吸毒作为比对过程中的变量。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr150
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Relation of Prenatal Smoking Exposure and Use of Psychotropic Medication up to Young Adulthood
Mikael Ekblad*, Mika Gissler, Liisa Lehtonen and Jyrki Korkeila
The study objective was to determine the relation of prenatal smoking exposure to the use of psychotropic medication up to young adulthood by using population-based longitudinal register data consisting of all singletons born in Finland from 1987 to 1989 (n = 175,869). Information on maternal smoking was assessed during antenatal care and received from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Information on the children's psychotropic medication (1994–2007) was received from the Drug Prescription Register, and the children's psychiatric diagnoses related to outpatient (1998–2007) and inpatient (1987–2007) care were derived from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. A total of 15.3% (n = 26,083) of the children were exposed to prenatal smoking. The incidence of psychotropic medication use was 8.3% in unexposed children, 11.3% in children exposed to <10 cigarettes per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.43), and 13.6% in children exposed to >10 cigarettes per day (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.53, 1.74). The exposure was significantly associated with the risk for all medication use and for both single- and multiple-drug consumption even after adjustment (e.g., mothers’ severe psychiatric illnesses). These findings show that exposure to smoking during pregnancy is linked to both mild and severe psychiatric morbidity
